Утвердительные предложения.

Прямая речь (direct speech) – это речь к-л лица передаваемая буквально и в письменной речи заключаемая в кавычки.

Косвенная речь (reported speech) – речь передаваемая другим лицом по содержанию.

E.g. He says: “I sent them the catalogue on Monday.” (Direct Speech)

He says (that) he sent them the catalogue on Monday. (Reported Speech)

Если основной глагол главного предложения употребляется в настоящем времени, в косвенной речи по смыслу меняются только местоимения.

E.g. Mary says: “ I decided to give him a piece of advice.”

Mary says (that) she decided to give him a piece of advice

В косвенной речи основной глагол главного предложения употребляется, как правило, в прошедшем времени и в этом случае в английском языке действует правило согласования времен (Sequence of Tenses).

Формы глагола в придаточном предложении меняются следующим образом:

Present Simple → Past Simple

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

Present Perfect → Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

Past Simple → Past Perfect

Past Continuous → Past Continuous (иногда Past

Perfect Continuous)

Past Perfect → Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

Future Simple → Future in the Past

(вспомогательные

Future Continuous → глаголы “shall” “will”

меняются на

Future Perfect → “should” “would”)

Future Perfect Continuous →

E.g. He said: “I’ m not well today. ”

He said (that) he wasn’t well that day.

Tom said: “ I’m not feeling well.”

Tom said (that) he was not feeling well.

Judy said: “John has given up his job.”

Judy said (that) John had given up his job.

Judy said: “I don’t know where to go for my holiday.”

Judy said (that) she didn’t know where to go for her holiday.

Tom said: “I woke up feeling ill and didn’t go to work.”

Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill and hadn’t gone to work.

Peter said: “I don’t need your help. I’ ll do it myself.”

Peter said (that) he didn’t need my help and that he would do it himself.

Mr. Brown said: “We have already conducted negotiations.”

Mr. Brown said (that) they had already conducted negotiations.

Note 1. Past Simple и Past Continuous могут не изменяться в косвенной речи:

Direct Tom said: “I woke up feeling ill.”

Reported Tom said (that) he woke up feeling well.

или Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling well.

Note 2. Present Simple или Present Continuous могут не меняться в косвенной речи, если говорящий передает факт, который в момент говорения имеет место.

E.g. Tom said: “New York is more lively than London.”

Tom said (that) New York is more lively than London.

She told her sister: “You must consult a doctor.”

She told her sister (that) she must consult a doctor. (необходимость до сих пор существует)

Tom said: “I’m feeling ill.”

Tom said (that) he is feeling ill. (если Том до сих пор болен)

Замена Present на Past обязательна, если ситуация в момент говорения изменилась.

E.g. 1. You met Sonia a few days ago. She said: “Jim is ill.”

Later that day you see Jim. He is looking well and carrying a tennis racket. You say: “I didn’t expect to see you, Jim. Sonia said you were ill.”

2. She told her sister (that) she had to consult a doctor. It was reasonable because after the doctor’s examination her sister calmed down that her lungs were in order. (В настоящее время ситуация изменилась и уже нет необходимости идти к врачу).

Дата добавления: 2015-10-24