To” instead of the whole infinitive

Home assignment

Kobrina. § 97-100 (102-105)

Ex.l. Choose the proper form of the infinitive in brackets:

1. I've tried to plan you a house here with some self-respect of its own. 2. "Well,'' he said, "there's nothing more (to see, to be seen) here." 3. Did he ever ask you to engage or talk about marrying? 4. What happened is a very long time ago, I'm going to ask her to let b`ygones (забыть прошлое). 5. Henet was one of those people whose fate is to be devoted to others and to have no one devoted to them. 6. It had been the Christmas Eve custom of the Carters' to hang up their children's stockings and to fill them with inexpensive toys. 7. He promised to come and see them before he left. 8. She watched him with lips ready to speak at any minute. 9. I had no cases of special interest to attend. 10. He had to say: “I am sorry to have caused you such distress.”

Ex.2. Use the Infinitive in brackets in the appropriate form:

1. It was foolish not to have called a doctor, but I did not, well, out of respect for her feeling. 2. She was prepared to be thought wrong-headed, but not naive. 3. Come, I have finished to dig and am going to plant. 4. I'm deeply sorry to involve / have involved you to this. 5. At home Mrs Goff would have kept my supper. You had to be on the dot if you wanted to be fed, so I usually went with one or the other to have cheese rolls and beer. 6. Don't expect comfort. You've just got to be thankful if we get a bed to sleep / to be slept on and a roof over our heads. 7. "Perhaps," suggested Rollock, "the man didn't want to be seen turning into the house from the road." 8. At last Mor allowed himself to be persuaded. 9. "Do you want to come in and wash up?" he asked suddenly. "No, thanks," said John. "I ought to go home - my wife’ll be worried." 10. I began to walk very slowly.

Ex.3. Translate into Russian paying attention to the form of the infinitive aft the modal verbs:

1. You were told to be careful - and you oughtn't really to have left England for at least another month. (King) 2. You ought to have learnt by now that I know my own mind. (A.Chr.) 3. "My lord Milton," cried Evelyn "couldn't you have done something?" (F.F.) 4. I could have crumpled them (the papers) up and thrown them at him, only they would not have hurt. (M.D.) 5. Now I see I needn't have worried. (O’Hara) 6. Daddy wrote so well. He ought to have been a writer. (King) 7. I learned something from him that I should have known myself. (O'Hara) 8. How could it have been otherwise? (Cron.) 9. I feel I ought to have gone with him. One of us ought to have done so. (A.Chr.) 10. She must have come early to have got a position like that. (Cus.) 11. Yet the gentleman might have said, "I should like portrait of my wife," and the lady might have said, I should like a portrait of my husband." (St.L.)

THE PARTICLE “TO”

§ 1. The infinitive without “to”

The formal sign of the infinitive is the particle “to”. In most cases the infinitive is used with it:

However there are some cases when we omit the particle.

Ex.1.

Cases of omitting “to” before the infinitive:

1. After modal and auxiliary verbs.

2. after rather than:

3. in the construction "Complex Object" after some verbs of sense perception: see, hear, feel, watch, notice, after the causative verbs let, make and have:

The construction “Complex object”

The verb	The indirect object	The infinitive
Я заставил	их	вернуть деньги.

“To” is not omitted in the construction “The complex object” after other verbs:

Ex.2. Supply where necessary the particle to before the infinitive used as “complex object”:

1. He was making every effort to induce his father …change his mind. 2. But I got him... talk. Nevertheless, on those mornings he could not bring himself … read the political correspondents’ gossip columns. 4. I knew that he would never encourage his daughter... marry a fortune. 5. As he answered her question, I noticed her... look surprised. 6. I could feel the blood... leave my face in a rush. 7. The doctor had expressly forbidden him... talk. 8. He did not hear the car... arrive. 9. He had never known his uncle... express any sort of feeling. 10. I wasn’t prepared to let him... go out alone. 12. He was not only giving them the chance, he was pressing them... do so. 13. I shall try to make the thing... work. 13. They watched Esther... return after a time. 14. He drew out a stiff, plain pocket-book I had often seen him... use in meetings and began to write down numbers.

4. In questions starting with Why (not) + Infinitive. The point of the question is usually to suggest that it is stupid or pointless to do smth. Such questions introduce suggestions or advice:

5. when two infinitives are joined by and, or, except, but, than the second infinitive is often without "to":

6. in clauses which explain the exact meaning of DO the infinitive can be without "to":

Ex.3.

To” instead of the whole infinitive

We can put only the particle "to" instead of the whole Infinitive in the following cases:

1. instead of repeating the whole of an infinitive expression:

2. Sometimes "to" is dropped after adjectives and nouns and some verbs, such as try:

Note!

After want and would like “ to” cannot normally be left out:

Ex.4.

Home assignment:

Test “Forms of the infinitive & the particle “to”

Kobrina § 96-100 (100-105)

Ex.1. Insert the infinitive with the particle to before it where nec­essary:

She began (to talk) of Moscow. 2. I don’t want them (to think) you in the wrong. 3. It was a command from her mother, and there was nothing for her (to do) but (to obey) it. 4. You must (to take) care not (to offend) her. 5. I’d rather not (to go) home that way. 6. “I think we’d better (to go) and (to get) dry,” he said. 7. I stood by the door and watched him (to take) the drinks over to Wells. 8. “Do you want (to write)?” - “Of course.” - “Then why not (to write) it?” 9. It heartened Mary (to hear) him (to speak) so lightly. 10. How dare you (to interfere) with my private concerns? No, don’t speak. Don’t try (to excuse) yourself. 11. Liza felt herself (to grow) red to the tips of her toes. 12. I had not seen Jimmie (to lose) his temper before. 13. Mrs Carey rose (to help) her (to lay) the cloth. 14. Why not (to make) him a doctor like his father? 15. He would never cease (to regret) his lost opportunities. 16. I want (to begin) (to earn) my corn. 17. I used (to spend) a lot of time in Robinson’s rooms.He never let himself (to be) angry.

Ex.2. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Insert the particle to where necessary:

I want (to go) to the East. 2. That was the last thing she expected (to hear) him (to say). 3. At that hour she was unaccustomed (to disturb) by anyone. 4. She could not let herself (to cry). 5. He wished (to make) the most of his op­portunity. 6. He seemed (to think) over what he wanted (to say). 7. I watched the shore (to come) close, then (to swing) away, then (to come) closer. 8. He wants (to congratulate) you in person. 9. “As soon as Joe gets here,” Mel instructed, “I want (to notify) wherever I am.” 10. The question is, what had I better (to do) with this house? 11. Wrap up my lunch, child. I must (to go) now. 12. He doesn’t like (to keep) wait­ing. 13. I don’t like (to see) men (to cry). I don’t even like (to see) women or babies (to cry). 14. I hate (to leave) our fine house. 15. They do nothing but (to talk) about it all day long. 16. There was nothing (to do) but (to knit) all day long. 17. His face showed his grief and how upset he was, and his eyes seemed (to ask) for consolation. 18. He had felt that they should (to bring) up by their mother. 19. But he dared not (to ask) what was in her mind. 20. He felt that her friends ought (to choose) for her. 21. “We’re just going in,” he said to Bosinney. “You’d better (to come) back to dinner with us.” 22. The street and house were quiet, but from St Charles Avenue and beyond could (to hear) distant sounds of the awakening city. 23. I have never heard anyone but them (to do) so.

Ex.3. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Insert the particle to where necessary:

I decided (to make) a fuss, and went (to look) for Rob­inson. 2. We walked to the door and I saw her (to go) in and down the hall. I liked (to watch) her (to move). 3. Let’s (to go) and (to find) him, he’s sure (to be) in front of his picture. 4. It’s very interesting (to hear) you (to say) that. 5. Some important decisions must (to make) soon. 6. You must (to do) something heroic at that time. 7. I think he must (to suffer) from inju­ry now. 8. You must (to dream) of it long. 9. She liked, pas­sionately (to like), (to think) worthy of confidence. 10. Let me (to hold) the baby, Scarlett. Oh, I know how (to hold) babies. 11. She noticed that he seemed (to look) at the sideboard and with her engaging smile leaned forward. 12. Do you want (to make) something (to happen)? 13. But there is something else (to do). 14. I have not done much for you. You might (to ask) much more at that time. 15. “If you’ve got nothing to say," I said, “why (to try) (to say) it? Why not (to have) a little rest?” 16. There was one more announcement (to make).

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