Complex Subject with the Infinitive

Тимошенко Ж. I., Левенецька Л. Й., Шкіль Н. О.

English Grammar in use

Граматичний практикум

Для подготовки до кандидатського іспиту

Дніпропетровськ

HINTS TO STUDENTS

This section has been especially prepared to help students in their work with their understanding of and appreciation for grammar and the incorporation into their correct writing.

All the grammar principles included have explanations and examples. Do most of the reading of explanations and the exercise at class. Use your class periods to practice grammar orally, to ask questions, and to elaborate on similar but different grammatical structures.

When you read in or outside of class or when you listen to student, notice grammar in action. Remember that each point you study in grammar opens the door to saying and writing a hundred different sentences with the same grammar principle.

Understanding English grammar opens the road to better speech and better composition. It opens the door to understanding literature and to your own language, its complexities and its beauty.

TENSES

	SIMPLE	Present	always, sometimes, usually, often, every day am, is, are; have, has; do, does; study, studies; go, goes
	Past	yesterday, 2 days ago, last year, in the morning, in 1992 was, were; had; did; studied; went
	Future	tomorrow, in 2 days, next year, in 2010 will + be; have; do; study; go

	CONTINUOUS (вспом. глагол "be")	Present	now, at present moment, still (все еще) am is + глагол + ing are
	Past	yesterday at 2 o'clock, when I came, while, он писал was + глагол + ing were
	Future	tomorrow at 2 o'clock will + be + глагол + ing

	PERFECT (вспом. глагол "have")	Present	already, just, for (2 hours), since(1992), not... yet, today, this year, never, ever have + глагол в III форме has
	Past	yesterday by 2 o'clock, when he came, я уже писала had + глагол в III форме
	Future	tomorrow by 2 o'clock will + have + глагол в III форме

	PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE	have + been + глагол + ing has We have been living in this town for 10 years already.
	PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE	had + been + глагол в III форме It had been raining for 2 hours when we left the theatre.

EXERCISE

Use the correct verb tense for the various words and phrases.

1. He (write) a book. (now)

(several years ago)

(when I spoke to him)

(next year)

2. She (apply) for a visa. (already)

(in a few days)

(last month)

(not... yet)

3. They (live) in that house. (since 1990)

(when the war began)

(but now they have moved)

(now)

4. He (send) her flowers. (often)

(but he doesn't any more)

(last week)

(every day since they met)

5. The boy (study) hard. (when the phone rang)

(since 8:00)

(usually)

(for the last two hours, and now he's tired)

6. The man (deliver) the package. (this morning)

(not... yet)

(now)

(already)

7. He (work) in a hospital. (three days a week)

(but now he works in a factory)

(when I last saw him)

(for the past two years)

8. He (take) the bus. (every day)

(but now he walks)

(yesterday)

(tomorrow afternoon)

9. They (see) a movie. (two days ago)

(every now and then)

(rarely)

(three times this past week)

10. She (play) the piano. (but now she plays the violin)

(when we came in)

(for the last two hours)

(when she was a child)

"IF and WHEN - CLAUSES"

If	- если	(только) ...Present   (никогда) will would
Unless	- если не
Even if	- даже если
In case	- в случае если
- на случай если
Provided	- при условии
Providing	- при условии
As soon as	- как только
Once	- как только
Before	- прежде
After	- после того
When	- когда
As long as	- пока
While	- пока
Until	- до тех пор, пока не
Till	- до тех пор, пока

Complex Object with the Infinitive

(Объектный падеж с инфинитивом)

forbid	- запрещать	mе you him her us them Peter my friend	to do
order	- приказывать
allow	- позволять
promise	- обещать
advise	- советовать
remind	- напоминать
expect	- предполагать
wish	- желать
convince	- убеждать
persuade	- убеждать
force	- принуждать
want	- (would like)
hire	- нанимать
instruct	- давать указания
ask	- просить
wait for	- ожидать
beg	- умолять
offer	- предлагать
permit	- разрешать
urge	- призывать
help	- помогать
see	- видеть		do (doing) *after smell, find only – ing structure
make	- заставлять
watch	- наблюдать	me
notice	- замечать	you
hear	- слышать	him
feel	- чувствовать	her
listen to	- слушать	us
smell	- чувствовать запах	them Peter
let	- позволять	my friend
help	- помогать
find	- обнаруживать

Complex Subject with the Infinitive

(Именительный падеж с инфинитивом)

He	is said was said is reported is known is supposed is expected is believed	to test this plane
seems appears happens
is likely is unlikely is sure is certain
Говорят, Говорили, Сообщают, Известно, Полагают, Ожидают, Думают	что он	испытывает этот самолет (или) будет испытывать этот самолет
Оказывается
Вероятно, Невероятно, Безусловно, Маловероятно, Наверняка, Несомненно

GERUND

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