Subsequent events

THE INFINITIVE AS ADVERBIAL MODIFIER

Purpose

The infinitive of purpose is used to say what the action was performed for. It is often introduced by conjunctions in order (not) to, so as (not) to:

Ex.1. DIY

Ex.2. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one using an infinitive or an infinitive phrase in the function of an adverbial modifier of purpose instead of the second sen­tence.

1. When he left Mrs Otter Philip went out. She wanted to buy drawing materials. 2. At last Lawson, exhausted, got up. He decided to go home. 3. It occurred to him that his information might be used. He wanted to help the girl. 4. So I went up to the counter and collected Octavia’s penicillin, then went back. I decided to sit and wait with George. 5. I read about your stow away and came. I wanted to see if I could help. 6. He made up his mind. He decided to be more reason­able. 7. He left the room. He wanted to avoid trouble. 8. He looked at me. He wanted to see what I meant. 9. Then she looked up and down at the Westminster Bridge Road. She wanted to see if he was in view. 10. His niece put her face up. She wanted to be kissed.

Ex.3. Translate into Russian:

1. Она села отдохнуть. 2. Я встал рано, чтобы быть готовым выйти в 8. 3. Она изучает английский, чтобы иметь больше шансов найти работу. 4. Я приехал в Брайтон, чтобы больше узнать об английской культуре.. 5. Я говорил тихо, чтобы не напугать ее.

Result

The infinitive as result is used to say what result or effect the action had. It often follows too and enough:

He was too frightened to speak.

You are old enough to understand everything.

Ex.4. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using the Infinitive in the function of an adverbial modifier of result. Use the adverbs too or enough where necessar:

Model: He is old. He can be your father. → He is old enough to be your father.

1. He felt excited. He couldn’t sleep. 2. I’m weak. I can’t help you. 3. I was tired. I couldn’t go up to the dining-room. 4. The room was stuffy with the window closed, but I was tired. I couldn’t get up and open it. 5. He was angry. He couldn’t care what he did. 6. His influence with Dunsford was strong. He could get him to take tea elsewhere. 7. Her neck was still strong. She could held her head high. 8. He was good. He said that he knew no one who combined those qualities to so high a degree as I do. 9. They sucked their teeth automatically at us and then realized that we were tired. We couldn’t be annoyed by it. 10. Her husband had been a soldier, and from a grateful country she received a pension. It was large to keep her.

Ex.5. Translate into English using the Infinitive as adverbial modifier of result:

1. Пища была слишком острой, чтобы дети могли ее есть. The food was too spicy for the children to eat. 2. Салли не такая взрослая, чтобы ходит в магазин. Sally is not old enough to go shopping. 3. Они разговаривали слишком тихо, и я не слышал, о чем они говорили. They were speaking too quietly for me to hear what they were saying. 4. У некоторых пляжей море недостаточно чистое, чтобы люди могли купаться. Near some beaches the sea’s not clean enough for people to swim in. 5. Я поработаю над этим завтра. Сегодня слишком устал и ничего не понимаю. I’ll work on this tomorrow. I’ too tired to understand it tonight. 6. Я недостаточно хорошо знаю арабский, чтобы слушать Египетское радио. I don’t understand Arabic well enough to listen to Egyptian radio. 7. Он бежал очень быстро, и полиция не смогла догнать его. He ran too fast for the police to catch him. 8. Он взглянул на нее и увидел, что она улыбается. He looked up to find her smiling. 9. Он приехал позже всех и убедился, что его никто не ждал. He came the latest to see that nobody was waiting for him.

Subsequent events

As the adverbial of subsequent events the infinitive denotes a second action that follows the action of the predicate verb. The position of this adverbial always follows the predicate:

He returned ten minutes later to find Bridget ready for departure.(and found…)

One night he awakened to hear a light rain whispering in the garden.(and heard…)

Ex.6. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model. Translate them into Russian:

Model: I turned round indignantly to find myself face to face with Miss Peabody. → I turned round indignantly and found myself face to face with Miss Peabody.

1. He arrived at three o’clock to hear that Fleur had gone out with the car at ten. 2. Startled, he looked up to find her smiling. 3. The cigarette glowed and faded, only to glow again. 4. The door opened to reveal Albert Wells. He was fully dressed. 5. He rose, to find Janet and the captain standing beside him. 6. She was startled to hear an unknown voice. 7. He arrived at eleven o’clock to see that all was ready. 8. We were out for a few moments only, to take a walk around the block, and we returned to supper. 9. He smiled to think how the silvery noise which Mr Casey used to make had de­ceived him. 10. Late on the morning of Christmas Eve I returned from the Falls to find a crowd of natives quarrel­ling outside the garage.

Parenthesis

Parenthetic infinitive is used to express the speaker’s attitude: To tell the truth, I was disappointed.

Ex.7. Comment on the infinitive phrases and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. And to tell you the truth I'm glad to have a companion myself. 2. To be frank, no other house in the town was as popular as theirs. 3. He will be a little late, to be sure, and Ann will be grumbling. 4. To cut a long story short, everything ended to her delight.

Ex.8. Make up sentences, using the following infinitive phrases parenthetically:

1. to cut a long story short; 2. to put it mildly; 3. to crown all; 4. to tell you the truth; 5. to say the least of it; 6. to say nothing of...; 7. to begin with; 8, to judge by her appearance.

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