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Presentations must have a clear and realistic purpose. The purpose of your presentation indicates how you want to achieve the aim of your presentation. The purpose can be: to describe, to instruct, to persuade or to entertain.
DESCRIBE. In this type of presentation the aim is usually to give information or explain a situation. The contents are often rather general and factual. When the speech is over the audience should have knowledge that they did not have before they started listening.
INSTRUCT. In this type of presentation the aim is to teach the audience knowledge and skills. After the presentation the listener should be able to do something he did not know how to do.
PERSUADE. In this type of presentation the aim is to stimulate people to do something. After the presentation you want the listener to believe something he did not believe before he started listening.
ENTERTAIN. In this type of presentation the aim is to entertain people. The aim of this type of presentation is mostly to make the audience feel happy, but there may be hidden goals. For example, to reveal important truths or move ideas forward. Crucial element in this type is humor. For most people it is very difficult to give a humorous presentation because the humor is not spontaneous.
R Structure of Effective Presentations
To make your presentation both effective and enjoyable for the audience and also for the presenter you should:
1. THINK ABOUT YOUR AUDIENCE.
- Who is your audience?
- How many people will be attending?
- What do they need to know?
- What do they already know?
- What do they expect?
2. STRUCTURE YOUR PRESENTATION CLEARLY.
A presentation is usually divided into 3 main parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. In the introduction, you tell the audience what your message is going to be. In the body, you tell your audience your real message. In the conclusion, you summarize what your message was. Remember a golden rule about presentation: Say what you are going to say, say it, then say what you have just said.
§ INTRODUCTION
The introduction is a very important part of your presentation. This is the first impression that your audience have of you. You should use the introduction to:
- welcome your audience and introduce yourself
- introduce your subject
- outline the structure of your presentation
- give instructions about questions
BODY
The body is the “real” presentation. It should be well structured, divided up logically. In the body you discuss the main ideas of your presentation. The ideas should be supported by facts, illustrations, graphs, charts, video clips, slides, and other relevant visual aids. Remember that over half of an oral message is actually communicated visually!
CONCLUSION
In the conclusion you should summarize the main points of your presentation. Don’t just present data or summarized results, share your insights and understanding and tell your audience what you have concluded from your research. You should not add new facts to your presentation in the conclusion.
Use the conclusion to:
- sum up
- thank your audience
- invite questions
THIS FLOW-CHART CAN HELP YOU PREPARE YOUR PRESENTATION.
| INTRODUCTION |
| I’d like to talk today about … |
| OUTLINE |
| I’ve divided my talk into … |
| QUESTIONS |
| If you have any questions, please … |
| PART 1 |
| Let’s start with … So that covers … |
| PART 2 |
| That brings me to … Let’s leave that there … |
| PART 3/4 etc |
| … and turn to… |
| SUMMARY |
| To sum up … |
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