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Psychopath, manslaughter, grandiosity, empathy, psychiatric, narcissist, charismatic, courteousness, visionary, abrasiveness, segue, awry, archetype.
II. Define the words and word combinations below. Say ho they were used in the article.
A cosseted child, sb’s jet-set lifestyle, to max out sb’s credit card, to be convicted of manslaughter on grounds of diminished responsibility, far-reaching changes, hard-charging, to keep a low profile and a modest lifestyle, high achievers, self-aware, a hot-button issue, to fester, the brunt of sth, to solicit advice, self-promotion, to face up to sth, to go awry, idea-driven approach, chieftain.
III. Explain what the following abbreviations mean.
CEOs, NPD, GE.
IV. Scan the article for the English equivalents of:
основать попечительский фонд; выписать чек на какую-л. сумму; молоток для вытаскивания гвоздей; представлять собой тяжелый случай какого-л. заболевания; студент-отличник; стать отличным менеджером; воодушевлять, заражать энергией; разительно отличаться от кого-л.; приземленный, ограниченный; находить достойное применение чьим-л. умениям; человек-мозг; быть благодатной почвой для чего-л.; помещение офиса, конторы; стремиться к богатству и карьере; возглавлять группу психологов; незаметно; проявлять радушие по отношению к кому-л.; разглядеть симптомы чего-л.
V. Interpret the lines below.
1. The $90,000 check bounced.
2. “A narcissist, who breaks new ground, can be the optimal, innovative business personality.”
3. Managers like Southwest Airlines cofounder Herb Kelleher “smash the old economic rules and create an entirely new game with their own rules.”
4. The most effective narcissistic CEOs are also self-aware enough to surround themselves with people whose complementary personalities act as a check on their own.
5. The line between visionary leader and loose cannon can be thin indeed.
6. …and these unassimilated feelings get projected onto employees.
7. Bullying and other self-centered behavior can leave legions of employees “battered and bruised,” says Board.
8. But the shadow of Brian Blackwell – or Enron, where narcissism was institutionalized – is a reminder that sometimes more sober heads need to prevail.
9. The queen of home entertaining ran afoul of the law.
VI. Say what you know about:
Bill Gates, Oprah Winfrey, Steve Jobs, Bernie Ebbers, Dennis Kozlowski.
VII. Sum up the key points of the article and formulate the author’s thesis.
VIII. Comment on the choice of the headline.
IX. Points for discussion.
1. What is the main difference between creative visionaries and deluded psychopaths?
2. What do you think of Blackwell’s case?
3. What does the author believe make an exceptional manager? Does his behavior have anything to do with that of a criminal?
4. How can one deal with narcissistic CEOs? Should their aggressiveness and selfishness be condoned for the sake of their business skills?
5. What’s the ultimate goal of the Peoplewise organization? Should there be more organizations of the kind?
THE BIONIC MAN
A British researcher envisions a world in which language is dead and police respond to the mere thought of crime
To get an idea of the lengths Kevin Warwick will go to satisfy his scientific curiosity, check out the purple two-inch scar on his left wrist. Last March surgeons hammered a tiny silicon chip studded with 100 electrodes directly into one of his arm’s main nerves. The two-hour operation had never been tried before, and it might have left his hand paralyzed. When surgeons hit the nerve, it felt like a lightning strike. “It was exhilarating,” says Warwick, a British cybernetics professor. “I wouldn’t have missed it for the earth.” The pain quickly passed and for the first time, Warwick says, the nervous system of a human being could trade messages with a computer. Man and machine had merged.
Warwick's four-month spell as a protocyborg might be a first step toward augmenting the human mind with machine intelligence. The chip, which linked to a computer, was removed in June after he'd conducted a range of experiments. This is the first step, he believes, to augmenting the human mind with machine intelligence. In important ways, he says, the brain trails far behind the computer. The brain has a woefully limited memory, it doesn’t operate efficiently in a network and it’s slow to download data. “From my research with robots, I can see their intelligence,” says Warwick. “Why not look at this technology to explore the possibility of upgrading people?” In time, he says, an implant or an injection might deliver a simple microdevice that turns the average Joe into an imposing cyborg, with superhuman powers.
For the moment, Warwick’s efforts have gone toward proving that implant technology can create a new form of mind-machine communication. Since the human nervous system uses electrochemical signals to carry messages, there’s no reason it can’t be made compatible with the electronic signals of a computer. In his latest groundbreaking experiments (detailed in his autobiography, “I, Cyborg,” recently published in the United Kingdom), Warwick has already tested the concept. He’s linked himself to computers via both wires and radio transmitters and passed signals back and forth between his nervous system and electromechanical devices. The electrode in his arm picked up neural signals and sent them on to a computer, which converted them into instructions for a three-fingered robot hand elsewhere in his lab. When Warwick clenched his hand, so did the robot. Similarly, Warwick used the chip to control a small robot on wheels. He’s even rigged up a computer-mediated mind meld of sorts. He fitted himself and his wife, Irena, with matching chips, each linked to a computer. When Irena clenched her hand, Warwick’s left index finger got a shot of current—a “beautiful, sweet, deliciously sexy charge,” he says. The first cyborg foreplay?
In his native Britain, Warwick, 48, is something of a cyber bad boy. Some of his colleagues dismiss his work as a pointless sideshow and deride his forecasts of a cyborg future. He's got a knack for attention-grabbing. British Airways once refused a seat for his robotic cat. He's done research purportedly showing that a bacon sandwich for breakfast boosts a child’s IQ and he recently offered to plant a microchip into an 11-year-old girl so her worried parents could track her movements. There's even a Web site that pokes fun at his frequent media appearances. He admits to a thirst for the kind of publicity that helps scare up funding from corporate backers. “If you are doing something that interests people, then the media are going to get interested,” says Warwick. “This is all completely scientific and has important medical aspects.”
Antics aside, his background and credentials are impressive. Academically, he was a late starter. He left school at 16 and worked as a telephone engineer, but after studying on his own he qualified for Aston University and graduated with first-class honors in electrical and electronic engineering. He taught at Oxford and, at age 32, was named a professor at Reading University.
Warwick’s work could have some practical applications. Amputees might someday use brain signals to operate prosthetic limbs. Computers might send electronic messages to areas of the nervous system afflicted by, say, Parkinson's disease or epilepsy. Some day the handicapped might open doors just by thinking about it. But Warwick doesn't stop there. Down the road, he says, brain implants may allow human minds to commune with each other directly – without need for "the silly noises of speech." The patterns of neural signals associated with sexual pleasure or a drug high could be stored on computer and downloaded on command.
His ideas get weirder. In the wildly speculative final chapter of his book, Warwick looks forward to the day when implants might allow the body’s functions like heart rate, blood pressure and temperature to be monitored in real time, helping to push up average life expectancy by 30 years. With apparent relish, he delivers his most bizarre vision: the world of 2050 dominated by a master race of cyborgs, their brains all linked to a global network, sharing access to a common superintelligence. Policing would be straightforward. The network would be aware of even the thought of crime crossing another cyborg’s mind.
Few share such fantasies, but that doesn't bother Warwick. He’s convinced that humankind has a lot to gain by a closer association with machines. “When we compare ourselves with technology, the way humans currently communicate is so poor as to be embarrassing. Human speech is an incredibly slow way of communicating.” Why remain a dolt when there’s a chance to improve? “If you could have a five-second operation that would increase your memory capability tenfold, would you accept it? A lot of people would.” Just hold the mind control, please.
William Underhill
/ Newsweek, October 7, 2002/
Set Work
I. Master the pronunciation of the words below. Learn and translate them.
Bionic, envision, exhilarating, cybernetics, augment, woefully, implant, via elsewhere, antics, amputee, epilepsy, robotic.
II. Explain the meaning of the words and word combinations below. Say how they were used in the text.
Studded with sth, to go to some lengths to do sth, to merge, protocyborg, to download data, to upgrade people, a pointless sideshow, to have a knack for sth, robotic cat, sb’s media appearances, credentials, speculative, dolt.
III. State the difference between the words below. Give examples to illustrate their usage.
Strange – bizarre – weird – odd;
to influence – to affect – to afflict;
to check – to check up.
IV. Find in the article the English for:
удовлетворить свое любопытство, вживить крошечный силиконовый чип в нерв, у него могла отняться рука, удар молнии, невероятные эксперименты, подсоединиться к компьютеру, сжимать кулак, высмеивать, якобы, следить за чьим-л. передвижением, насмехаться над чем-л., подать документы в университет, закончить вуз с отличием, конечности-протезы, инвалиды, в перспективе, по команде, увеличить среднюю продолжительность жизни, с явным наслаждением, увеличить в 10 раз.
V. Explain what is meant by the following sentences.
1. “It was exhilarating,” says Warwick, a British cybernetics professor. “I wouldn’t have missed it for the earth.”
2. Warwick says, the nervous system of a human being could trade messages with a computer.
3. In important ways, he says, the brain trails far behind the computer.
4. In time, he says, an implant or an injection might deliver a simple microdevice that turns the average Joe into an imposing cyborg, with superhuman powers.
5. He's even rigged up a computer-mediated mind meld of sorts.
6. In his native Britain, Warwick, 48, is something of a cyber bad boy
7. He admits to a thirst for the kind of publicity that helps scare up funding from corporate backers.
8. Warwick’s work could have some practical applications.
9. The world of 2050 dominated by a master race of cyborgs, their brains all linked to a global network, sharing access to a common superintelligence.
10. Just hold the mind control, please.
VI. Do you agree that:
1. The way humans currently communicate is so poor as to be embarrassing.
2. The world of 2050 dominated by a master race of cyborgs.
3. Brain implants may allow human minds to commune with each other directly.
4. Some day implants might allow the body’s functions like heart rate, blood pressure and temperature to be monitored in real time, helping to push up average life expectancy.
5. Humankind has a lot to gain by a closer association with machines.
VII. Sum up the key points of the article.
VIII. Points for discussion.
1. What do you think of Kevin Warwick’s research work?
2. Is it a good idea to install a microchip in a person’s arm so as the network might be aware of even the thought of crime crossing another cyborg’s mind?
3. Do you share Warwick’s opinion that human speech is an incredibly slow way of communicating? Do we need the substitute which Warwick has in mind?
SUPPLEMENT
DEATH PENALTY
The death penalty is the subject of wide speculation. Many writers have paid attention to such a theme. For example, in Dostoyevsky’s book Crime and Punishment the theory of Raskolnikov allows one to murder people. Is it right to kill a person, even a terrible and unpleasant, one to make others happy? Is it right to decide another’s fate in place of God? This question has been always discussed. I don’t support murders. Nevertheless, it’s just my point of view and judging from it, I believe that criminals must be punished.
Crimes are committed every day. They can be minor or very serious, even monstrous. Imagine a maniac? For example, a sex fiend, who is guilty of having murdered several tens of victims. He is usually sent to a prison or to a mental hospital to spend some years there. It happens in many countries. A maniac “vindicates” himself in a jail or n a clinic, spends several years, and then gets freedom. I don’t think that some years in a mental hospital or a prison can correct the condition of a maniac. When he is free, he will kill or hurt people again. Being cruel and ruthless, he wills his own way through his crowd of victims.
Sometimes criminals are sentenced to life imprisonment. It’s not enough for a person who tortured tens of bodies by cutting off their extremities or putting out somebody’s eyes, for example. Of course, many people think that the death sentence is not the best way of punishing criminals. They say that execution is the same as “an eye for an eye”; that it’s a sin to kill any man. However, they forget how many innocent victims the maniac has butchered.
I think that only people who committed grave or serious crimes with perversions must be executed. The others should remain alive. I object that they are sentenced to be killed by firing squad, by hanging, by using the guillotine or the gas chamber.
I think that the most acceptable way of executing is electrocution or using fast acting poison. No doubt, to discuss the methods of putting someone to death is awful. Some people think that it’s easier to discuss the problem instead of solving it. I don’t think so. I vote for the use of the death penalty, but not for teenagers and women. Maybe I think so because of the recent events of acts of terrorism, when we saw so many innocent people die.
By Yulia Gorshkova
/from English, 24/2004/
УБИЙСТВО ДОЛЖНО КАРАТЬСЯ СМЕРТЬЮ!
«Должна ли применяться в России смертная казнь?» «КП» от 26 июня 2001 г.
В вашей газете обсуждался этот вопрос. Результат оказался фифти-фифти. Спасибо газете за объективность опроса. В большинстве же случаев пресса и ТВ предоставляют возможность выступления на эту тему лицам, которые являются сторонниками отмены смертной казни. В своем письме хочу коснуться наказаний, связанных лишь с преднамеренным убийством людей, за которое раньше предусматривалась смертная казнь.
Убийство человека – это тягчайшее преступление, которое в большинстве случаев совершается с особой жестокостью. И оно не только отбирает у человека самое дорогое – жизнь, но и обрекает на сердечные муки близких ему людей. И если преступник, осужденный на пожизненное заключение, испытывает мучения из-за отсутствия свободы, то родители, например, убитой девочки, которую перед смертью истязал преступник, оказываются несчастными на всю жизнь. Они будут до конца своих дней носить на кладбище цветы и зажигать в церкви свечу. Что поразительно, мне ни разу не пришлось слышать в дискуссиях об отмене смертной казни о сочувствии к этим душевно покалеченным людям, которых больше, чем убийц.
Я уверен, что все голосующие за отмену смертной казни – это благополучные люди, гуманисты-теоретики. Всем известно, что в свое время существовала вендетта. С развитием государства процедура наказания была возложена на него. Но наказание должно быть адекватным преступлению. За умышленное убийство возмездием может быть только смерть. Мне кажется, что Парламентская ассамблея Совета Европы в основном состоит из благополучных лиц, которые могут легко абстрагироваться от действительности. И что поразительно – страны находятся под прессингом этого совета. Так случилось и с Россией.
П.А. Пшеничнкин,
пенсионер и жертва убийц сына
вот уже 19 лет.
Московская область.
BEWARE – PENSIONERS AHEAD!
When people think about criminals, they rarely imagine old pensioners. Well, in Britain this may be changing. According to Prudential, Britain’s biggest pension company, over 100,000 pensioners have turned or are thinking of turning to crime. Charges include fraud, shoplifting, drug-dealing and even bank robbery.
That’s why Kingston prison in Portsmouth has recently become the first British prison to have a separate prison wing for elderly prisoners. It now houses fifty people. The ‘pensioners’ unit has special lifts and equipment to help elderly prisoners get to the upper floors. The staff have been trained to provide medical care. The cost of keeping elderly offenders is three times more than that of younger prisoners.
So who are those pensioners and why do they do it?
The majority of elderly people who commit crime have no previous crime record. They often use their image of helpless people to committheir offences. Interestingly, they are not the poorest pensioners, as you might expect, but mainly middle class people. They have worked hard all their life and got used to a relatively high standard of living which is very difficult to maintain as a pensioner. For example, one pensioner sold drugs to get £1000 to buy his granddaughter a present. How often do you get presents worth £1000? Also, people in Britain have got used to spending more than they can afford by taking out numerous bank loans and running credit card bills. Whereas before, people always tried to save as much money as they can forretirement, now more and more people decide to spend most of their money on nice things and expensive holidays while they are young.
So, what is the solution?
Unfortunately, there seems to be no easy solution. With people living longer but saving less money, the problem is likely to get worse. So, if you hear about an old British pensioner committing the greatest bank robbery in history – don’t get too surprised.
COPS AND ROBBERS
(and drug pushers and murderers…)
New York is one of the biggest cities in the world. Being a New York cop has got to be one of the most stressful jobs especially if all those movies with lots of police action are accurate. New York City police officer Patrick Forsyth tells us about his Saturday night on duty.
Patrick doesn’t patrol in a police car, he’s a beat cop. He walks the streets and chats to people in the community until “a job comes up on the radio.” He’s usually in the same area which he describes in the following way: “When people come to New York they are amazed at how close the very rich and the poor live to each other. My area is basically a slum. There are a lot of 20 storey apartments. Many of the people in them have social problems. Shootings, domestic disputes, street attacks and robberies are common. Drug dealing is constant but not as publicly done as in some areas. In the middle of all of this, there are families that just continue their lives heroically and don’t seem scared. I guess they’re used to living here so they feel safe.”
The particular Saturday night that Patrick spoke to us, he was hoping to make an arrest. He was hoping to find someone known as ‘Apple’ who was responsible for a lot of drug dealing. Patrick had never seen him but had heard a lot about him and wanted to search him. The problem was that Apple had a lot of teenagers working for him. The teenagers usually warned Apple that the police were in the area and they also sold a lot of the drugs for him so Apple would not get caught himself.
After Patrick had patrolled for a few hours, a man in his early thirties walked up to him and said hello. It was Apple but he had no drugs on him so Patrick wasn’t able to do anything. Apple was not the only person on Patrick’s list. “I wanted to see a guy called Andre who was on a weapons charge. I also wanted to find Rory, for a taxi robbery – I’d arrested him twice before. But Rory’s mother told me he was living in another part of town, back with an old girlfriend whom he had stabbed six months before.” Patrick suddenly got a message on his radio and needed to go to “an incident.” A girl-gang had robbed a teenage girl of a necklace and beaten her. The suspect was only 15 years old and was the youngest of the gang. “I collected her from her house. She denied it at first but then she owned up, said goodbye to her grandfather and agreed to come to the precinct. When I brought her in, the sergeant looked sympathetically at her because she was so small and innocent-looking. The satisfaction from arrest was very small indeed.” Things got worse later that evening. Four more policemen in plain clothes arrived at the precinct with Apple. Patrick was pleased about this until he heard that all Apple had been charged with was possession of marijuana and was released. Apple was grinning from ear to ear. Did this depress Patrick? “A little bit, but the important thing to remember is that you can try again the next day and you can look again. You don’t have to give up. It’s time to finish up my paperwork and go home.”
Jane Martin
/ Club, №22, 2004/
I. Read the following article to find out:
1. What computer hacking is.
2. Why the hackers do what they do.
3. How seriously companies are taking the problem.
COMPUTER HACKING – HIGH-TECH CRIME
You can rob a bank without leaving the house these days. Who needs stocking masks, guns and getaway cars? If you’re a computer whiz-kid, you could grab your first million armed with nothing more dangerous than a personal computer (PC), a telephone and a modem to connect them.
All you have to do is dial into the networks that link the computers in large organisations together, type in a couple of passwords and you can rummage about in the information that’s stored there to your heart’s content.
Fortunately it isn’t always quite as easy as it sounds. But, as more and more information is processed and stored on computer, whether it’s details of your bank account or the number of tins of baked beans in the stockroom at the supermarket, computer crime seems set to grow.
A couple of months ago a newspaper reported that five British banks were being held to ransom by a gang of hackers who had managed to break into their computer. The hackers were demanding money in return for revealing exactly how they did it. In cases like this, banks may consider paying just so they can protect themselves better in the future.
No one knows exactly how much money is stolen by keyboard criminals – banks and other companies tend to be very secretive if it happens to them. It doesn’t exactly fill customers with confidence if they think their bank account can be accessed by anyone with a PC! Some experts believe that only around a tenth of all computer crimes are actually reported. Insurance company Hogg Robinson estimate that computer frauds cost British companies an incredible £400 million a year.
Most computer crimes are inside jobs’, where staff with access to the company’s computers fiddle with the records. A comparatively small amount are committed by the more glamorous – and headline-grabbing – hackers.
The true hacker, it seems, doesn’t do it for financial gain. The thrill appears to be, not in getting rich, but in beating the system. Two of Britain’s most notorious hackers are Nicholas Mad Hacker Whiteley and Edward Singh. The renegade pair have been the scourge of organisations with insecure computers for years, seemingly competing for the title of Britain’s best hacker.
Whiteley’s hacking days came to an abrupt halt in June, when the 21-year-old was sent to prison for four months for damaging computer discs. Edward Singh first came to public attention after claiming that he had hacked into American and British government and military computers.
“It has never been my intention to steal anything,” said Singh. “I really see myself as a highly skilled software engineer.” His mission seems to be to prove just how insecure their systems are.
As with anything else, hackers start young in the States. A 12-year-old boy in Detroit was accused of entering a company’s credit rating computer and distributing the numbers he found there. His mother told reporters that he spent up to 14 hours on his computer during the weekend. “He didn’t bother me,” she said. “I figured, computers, that’s the thing of the day.”
Last month, two New York teenagers, one aged 14 and one aged 17, were charged with breaking into a computer system owned by a company that publishes computer magazines. They are alleged t have changed polite recorded greetings to rude messages, added bomb threats and wiped advertisers’ orders.
Customers linked into the system only to be told that Daffy Duck is not available! The company estimates that the tampering has cost $2.4 million.
Prevention is probably easier than detection, and many companies now spend lots of time and money devising programmes using passwords and codes. Of course, all this is no use at all if computer users tell each other their password, stick it on their screen so they don’t forget it or use passwords like “password.” It all happens.
There are plenty of software companies who specialise in writing software that make computers hacker-proof. One company in the States set out to prove that its system can defeat hackers by asking over 2,000 of them to try to hack in. The hackers were given two weeks to discover the secret message stored on two PCs in offices in New York and San Francisco. The message reads: ‘The persistent hunter who wins his prize sooner or later becomes the hunted. You’ll be relieved – or perhaps disappointed – to learn that not one hacker managed it.’
Sue O’Connell
/From Focus on Proficiency /
II. Find words or phrases in the text which mean the same as:
Paragraphs 1-6
a) expert (especially at a young age)
b) search through
c) as much as you want
d) be called up on a computer screen
e) make small changes to/interfere with
Paragraphs 7-11
f) rebellious/lawless
g) caused a lot of trouble to
h) aim in life
i) removed completely
j) interfering with (without permission)
III. Now complete these statements by choosing the answer which you think fits best.
1. Banks may pay computer criminals
a) to give back information they have stolen.
b) to explain what their technique is.
c) not to commit the same crime again.
d) not to pass on information they have stolen.
2. Companies don’t always report computer crime because they
a) think it would create bad publicity.
b) don’t expect the criminals to be caught.
c) don’t want the police to investigate.
d) think the criminals are members of their staff.
3. The computer hackers’ motive seems to be
a) to win a competition.
b) to make a lot of money.
c) to overcome a challenge.
d) to appear in the newspapers.
4. The mother of the 12-year-old hacker in Detroit
a) had been worried about the time her son spent at his computer.
b) thought her son’s interest in his computer was normal.
c) had been involved in her son’s criminal activity.
d) had tried to prevent her son’s criminal activity.
5. What was the result of one software company’s attempt to prove that its security systems were effective?
a) It was a complete success.
b) It was a partial success.
c) It was a failure.
d) The results were inconclusive.
Vocabulary Tests
I. CRIME. Put each of the following words and phrases into its correct place in the passage below.
bigamy civil classes community
countries crimes criminal law felony
fine forgery laws life imprisonment
misdemeanor offences penalty person
prison state term treason
Crime
Crime violates the laws of community, ….. or nation. It is punishable in accordance with these …... The definition of crime varies according to time and place, but the laws of most ….. consider as crimes such ….. as arson, ….., burglary, ….., murder, and …...
Not all offences against the law are …... The laws that set down the punishments for crimes form the …... This law defines as crimes those offences considered most harmful to the …... On the other hand, a ….. may wrong someone else in some other way that offends the ….. law.
The common law recognizes three ….. of crime: treason, ….., and misdemeanor. Death or ….. is the usual ….. for treason. Laws in the United States, for example, define felony as a crime that is punishable by a ….. of one year or more in a state or federal …... A person who commits a ….. may be punished by a ….. or a jail term of less than one year.
II. LAW BREAKERS. Give the name of the defined law breaker.
1. steals a _ _ _ _ _
2. steals purses and wallets a _ _ _ k _ _ _ _ _ _
3. gets money by threatening to
disclose personal information a _ _ _ _ k _ _ _ _ _ _
4. seizes airplanes a _ _ j _ _ _ _ _
5. takes things from a shop
without paying a _ _ _ _ _ i _ _ _ _
6. kills people a _ _ r _ _ _ _ _
7. steals from houses or offices a _ _ _ g _ _ _
8. steals from banks or trains a _ _ b _ _ _
9. takes people hostage for
a ransom a _ _ _ n _ _ _ _ _
10. steals government secrets a _ _ _
11. willfully destroys property a v _ _ _ _ _
12. marries illegally while being
married already a b _ _ _ _ _ _ _
III. LAW BREAKERS. Match the criminal with the definition.
1. an arsonist a) tries to enforce his political demands by carrying
out threatening acts of violence
2. an assassin b) pretends or claims to be what he is not
3. deserter c) makes money by dishonest business methods,
e.g. by selling worthless goods
4. an embezzler d) steals from his own company
5. a forger e) attacks and robs people especially in public
places
6. a fraud or con man f) sets fire to property
7. a hooligan g) kills for political reasons or reward
8. a mugger h) brings goods into one country from another
illegally
9. a poacher i) hunts illegally on somebody else's land
10. a racketeer j) makes false money or documents
11. a smuggler k) a soldier who leaves the armed forces without
permission
12. a terrorist l) causes damage or disturbance in public places
IV. LAW BREAKERS. Choose the right answer.
1. The spy..... the desk in an attempt to find the secret documents.
a) invaded b) kidnapped c) looted d) ransacked
2. The safe deposit box..... a high-pitched sound when it was moved.
a) ejected b) emitted c) expelled d) excluded
3. He..... his fist and threatened to hit me.
a) clenched b) clutched c) grabbed d) gripped
4. Thieves got away with a..... of jewellery worth thousands of pounds.
a) catch b) haul c) loot d) snatch
5. The burglar’s presence was betrayed by a..... floorboard.
a) cracking b) creaking c) crunching d) groaning
6. Smugglers consistently..... import regulations.
a) break b) flaunt c) float d) flout
7. Luckily my wallet was handed in to the police with its contents......
a) contained b) intact c) missing d) preserved
8. The intruder was badly..... by the guard dog in the palace garden.
a) damaged b) eaten c) mauled d) violated
9. When the police examined the house they found that the lock had been ….. with.
a) broken b) hindered c) tampered d) touched
10.The hooligan..... the money out of my hand and ran away.
a) clutched b) gripped c) snatched d) withdrew.
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