V. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. Indigestion had been his problem since early adulthood, but was controlled with antacids.

2. Magnesium hydroxide, normally used as an antacid or a laxative, may also serve as a magnesium supplement.

3. The hypercalcemia is easily treatable by hydration and withdrawal of the calcium containing antacids.

4. The pharmacist will advise which medicines are safe to take and how to cope with problems like heartburn.

5. Brand names such as Coca-Cola and Sony are recognized all over the world.

6. You can purchase insurance on-line.

7. A balanced diet promotes good health and normal development.

8. An unhappy family life may inhibit children's learning.

9. They were treating only the symptoms of the disease rather than its underlying cause.

10. When treating any health problem, it's always important to con­sider the underlying causes.

11. Test-tube studies show that the virus is able to resist most antibio­tics.

12. There is a danger that the disease may recur.

13. Although the treatment for skin cancer is usually successful, the problem can recur later.

Reading

Gastrointestinal Drugs

Antacid (aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, hydrotalcite, bis­muth subsalicylate) is any of a group of drugs that neutralize acid in the digestive system. Hydrochloric acid, produced in the stomach, is important to digestion. However, this acid can cause pain when it comes in contact with peptic ulcers, sores that can occur in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Antacids help relieve or prevent pain associated with peptic ulcers by neutralizing this acid. People also take antacids to stop the pain of heartburn and indigestion.

Many antacid products contain compounds of aluminum, magne­sium, or, often, both. These chemicals react with acids to form more neutral compounds that do not irritate peptic ulcers. By relieving ir­ritation, antacids can also help promote healing of the ulcers. Many doctors recommend their use along with other antiulcer drugs, such as antibiotics and histamine H2-receptor antagonists (for example, cimetidine).

Antacids come in tablet, capsule, and liquid form. Commonly used antacids include such brand-name products as Maalox and Mylanta. Turns, another common antacid, contains a compound of calcium that is helpful for digestion but not recommended for ulcer treatment. These drugs ordinarily do not cause harmful side effects, and a doctor's prescription is not needed to purchase them. However, antacids that contain magnesium hydroxide can cause diarrhea, while those with aluminum hydroxide can cause constipation. Problems also may develop when antacids are used for long periods. For example, extensive use of antacids that contain calcium carbonate can cause too much calcium to accumulate in the body. High calcium levels can lead to kidney damage and other problems.

H-2 antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizati­dine) promote ulcer healing by reducing the acid and digestive en­zymes in the stomach and duodenum. These highly effective drugs are taken only once or twice a day. Most cause few serious side effects, and several are now available without a prescription.

Omeprazole and lansoprazole are very strong drugs that inhibit the production of the enzymes needed for the stomach to make acid. These drugs can completely inhibit acid secretion and have long-last­ing effects. They promote healing in a greater percentage of people in a shorter period of time than H-2 antagonists do. They are particu­larly useful in treating people with esophagitis and people who have other conditions that affect gastric acid secretion.

Antibiotics (bismuth subsalicylate, tetracycline, metronidazole, amoxicillin) are being increasingly used when the bacterium Helico­bacter pylori is the major underlying cause of ulcers. The treatment consists of one or more antibiotics and a drug to reduce or neutralize stomach acid. Combinations of bismuth subsalicylate, tetracycline, and metronidazole or amoxicillin are most commonly used. Omepra­zole and an antibiotic are also an effective combination. Such treat­ment may relieve ulcer symptoms even if ulcers have resisted previous treatment or have recurred repeatedly.

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