EXERCISES. 1. Make various forms of the Infinitive as in the models:

1. Make various forms of the Infinitive as in the models:

a) Indefinite Passive: to found - to be founded;

b) Continuous Active: to found - to be founding;

c) Perfect Active: to found – to have founded;

d) Perfect Passive: to found - to have been founded;

e) Perfect Continuous: to found - to have been founding

to develop, to discuss, to examine, to watch, to show, to choose, to bring, to lose, to understand, to break, to think, to see, to sing

II. Explain the usage of the Infinitive forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.

I. I hesitated a little which subject to choose for my report. 2. The teacher explained to the students how to use the rule. 3. Our task is to study the educational system of the USA. 4. He would like to know more about American universities. 5. He seems to be speaking without exact knowledge of the subject. 6. The American system of education has a goal to provide knowledge and develop skills of all people who have a wish to learn and study. 7. The vocational program may give training in different fields. 8. English must be spoken by over a billion people around the world. 9. The Hunts were rich enough to have sent their children to a private school. 10. He seems to be choosing between a private and public school. 11. They seemed to have been discussing the curriculum of their private school for nearly a month. 12. I expected the school year to last ten months at primary and secondary schools. 13. The US educational system is known to have been built since the earliest days of the Republic. 14. The doctors told the parents not to take the child to the kindergarten because of his poor health. 15. To choose a subject as a major means to pay more attention to it than to the others. 16. Mr. Clark was the first to organize agricultural education at school. 17. There are opinions for more time to be devoted to physical culture of the pupils. 18. The American people accept the quality of life to be directly related to the quality of education. 19. The teacher advised the student not to exclude fine arts from his curriculum. 20. It is easy to imagine how nice it is to listen to beautiful music after hard work.

III. Make up sentences with Complex Object, using the words in the correct form.

a)	the parents	want wish expect	their son their daughter he she they	to study music to enter a musical college to become a music teacher to play the guitar to get a higher education to work in an orchestra to learn a foreign language
b)	I	see hear notice watch feel	the students they he you she	work at the library read the book on musicology fail an exam pass the exam train the new words sing in La Scala play the piano
c)	they	consider	you he she I we	not to do well in solfa not to make progress in studies not to go in for sports not to pay proper attention to elective subjects not to devote enough time to classical music
d)	the lecturer	let allow order tell make	the students he she	to go to the reference hall to recite a poem by R.Burns to read science fiction to attend the lessons according to the time-table to take part in the Day of Knowledge to choose a foreign language as an elective one

IV. Mark the sentences which contain the Complex Object with letter “a” and those which contain the Complex Subject with letter “b”. Translate them into Russian.

1. American children are reported to go to school when they are six years old. 2. Elementary and secondary schooling is known to be compulsory for every child in the USA. 3. In American schools I heard the children pledge allegiance to the American flag and sing patriotic songs before lessons. 4. The teacher makes the children write and read. 5. The lunch at elementary schools in the USA is said to last from 12 to 12.30. 6. After lunch the teacher on duty would like the children to have 20 minutes of physical training on the playground. 7. We know secondary or high schools in the USA to be of two kinds: Junior High schools for children from 12 to 15 years of age and Senior High schools for students from 15 to 18 years of age. 8. The certificate of the Junior High school seems not to allow the children to enter college or university. 9. There are young people in America who suppose Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry to be of no use. 10. American children are said to finish school without any examinations.

V. Translate into English.

1.Он намеревался учиться в Гарвардском университете. 2. Похоже, что американское образование остаётся сегодня таким, каким оно было в первые годы Республики. 3. Получить универсальное образование - цель многих американцев. 4. Все американцы невзирая на (regardless of) расу и экономический статус могут развивать свои индивидуальные способности начиная с детского сада и кончая институтом (from…to…). 5. Известно, что образование в США включает три уровня: начальный, средний и высший (elementary, secondary, higher). 6. В США имеются различные возможности учиться. 7. Родители могут выбирать, послать ли ребёнка в общественную или в частную школу (public, private). 8. Частные школы считаются более престижными (prestigious). 9. Обеспечить (to provide) общее интеллектуальное развитие детей с 6 до 12 или 15 лет – главная цель начальной школы. 10. В средней школе английский язык, естественные науки (natural science), общественные науки (social studies), математика и физическая культура (physical training) должны изучаться как обязательные (compulsory). 11. Факультативные предметы могут быть выбраны в области иностранных языков, изящных искусств и профессионального обучения (vocational training). 12. Профессиональная программа может обеспечить обучение в четырёх областях: в сельском хозяйстве, в бизнесе, в экономике и промышленности. 13. Я слышал, что американские студенты оцениваются (be estimated) на основе тестов, выполняемых (performed) в течение года. 14. Так называемые “рапорт-карты” безусловно показывают оценки (grades), которые студенты получили по каждому из предметов. 15. Средние школы обязаны (to be obliged) сохранять (to maintain) копии документов, которые суммируют пройденные курсы, и полученные оценки для каждого студента. 16. Очень важно подчеркнуть, что в американском образовании отсутствует единство школьной организации. 17. Каждый штат имеет право создавать свои законы для системы образования и определять свою собственную программу для школ. 18. Стандартные тесты, как известно, играют решающую (decisive) роль на всех уровнях образования, особенно при поступлении (while entering) в колледж или университет. 19. Многие родители хотят, чтобы их дети получили высшее образование. 20. Для многих людей жить значит творить.

VI. Memorize the differences between British English and American English.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-02