EXERCISES. I. Translate into Russian, analyzing the complex sentences.

I. Translate into Russian, analyzing the complex sentences.

1. Tell him that many different tours are offered to a visitor in every American city. 2. Please, tell me if I can go sightseeing in Washington on my own. 3. I was informed why the people called New York the unofficial capital of the United States. 4. Please find out how I can get to the Brighton Beach area in Brooklyn. 5. The people tell willingly where there are the best department stores and restaurants in Boston, the capital of Massachusetts. 6. He asks what Pennsylvania is famous for. 7. Ask him when the metrorail was opened in Washington. 8. Do you know what the letters “D.C.” after “Washington” stand for? 9. I know that “D.C.” stands for the District of Columbia. 10. Do you know whether the District of Columbia belongs to any of the fifty states?

II. Restore the right conjunction and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The house Helen lived in had no elevator. 2. I had read about the places of interest Richard wanted to show me. 3. Ruth doesn’t know there are fifty states in the USA. 4. Teddy says most of museums, galleries and monuments were free in Washington. 5. Philip says most of Washington population are Afro-Americans. 6. Sophia noticed there were no skyscrapers in Washington. 7. The tour Roger is taking about downtown is very interesting. 8. The Arlington National Cemetery Thomas visited for the first time made a deep impression on him.

III. Choose the right word from those given in brackets and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. They say (that, what) the United States is a “melting pot” of people from different countries. 2. I ask (that, what) is especially interesting in the USA. 3. They explained to us (that, what) they meant by saying “African Americans”. 4. I didn’t understand (that, what) they spoke the slang of American blacks. 5. They were told (that, what) the Americans thought of their right to privacy and personal space. 6. She heard (that, what) health was definitely fashionable in America. 7. Please tell me (that, what) the proverb means: “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. 8. I was informed (that, what) I would meet American Indians the next day. 9. I don’t know (that, what) the American word “brunch” means. 10. They say (that, what) eating out in America is no problem at all.

IV. Make up questions in the form of Complex Sentences as in the model and provide the answers to them using the information given in brackets.

Model: Do you know / the USA is situated? (in the central part of the North American continent) – Do you know where the USA is situated? – Yes, I do. I know that the USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent.

1. Do you know / oceans wash the coast of the USA? (the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean) 2. Are you informed / states have the USA? (50 states and the District of Columbia) 3. Did you get to know / state was separated from the rest of the USA by Canada? (Alaska) 4. Do you know / Hawaii became the fiftieth state of the USA? (in 1959) 5. Can you tell / Hawaii is situated? (in the Pacific Ocean) 6. Have you heard / the total area of the USA? (over nine million square kilometers) 7. Have you read / mountains there are in the USA? (the Appalachian Mountains and the Cordillera) 8. Can you say / the five Great Lakes are situated? (between the USA and Canada) 9. Do you know / the principal rivers of the USA are named? (the Mississippi, the Colorado, the Columbia and the Hudson River) 10. Have you learned / people lived in the USA? (about 200 million)

V. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Вы знаете, что Вашингтон, столица США, расположен в округе Колумбия? 2. Известно, что конгресс США имеет свою резиденцию в Капитолии, а Белый Дом – резиденция президента США. 3. Вам известно, что вашингтонцы гордятся своими памятниками: Библиотекой Конгресса США, памятником Джорджу Вашингтону, мемориалом Аврааму Линкольну, могилой неизвестного солдата и др.? 4. Я читал, что Нью-Йорк – самый большой город Америки с населением около 13 млн. человек. 5. Я знаю, что Нью-Йорк знаменит своими небоскребами. 6. Мне рассказывали, что Бостон – один из первых городов, основанных на Атлантическом побережье Америки. 7. О Чикаго говорят, что это – город гангстеров (gangsters). 8. Вам известно, что в Филадельфии производят сельскохозяйственные машины (agricultural machines)? 9. Во всем мире известно, что Детройт является одним из самых больших центров автомобильной промышленности (motor-car industry). 10. Вы знаете, что Голливуд, всемирно известный центр кинобизнеса (the world-known center of film business) находится недалеко от Лос-Анджелеса в Калифорнии?

VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying special attention to the tenses of the predicates.

1. Samuel knows that Americans celebrate Halloween on the 31^st of October. 2. Sebastian knew that Americans celebrated Halloween in autumn. 3. Silvia didn’t know how merrily we had celebrated Halloween last year. 4. Simon knew that he would call “trick-or-treat” and Stephen would carry a pumpkin. 5. Ted gets to know that St. Valentine’s Day is on the 14^th of February. 6. Thomas got to know that valentines were little pictures with little poems on them. 7. Timothy got to know that his sister had written on her valentine: “I’ll be your sweatheart if you will be mine, all my life I’ll be your Valentine”. 8. Tina knew what she would write on her valentine. 9. Vivian tells us how they celebrate April Fool’s Day. 10. Veronica told that on the 1^st of April people played jokes on each other and laughed a lot. 11. Victor told that the year before he had played a joke on his parents on the 1^st of April and hadn’t been punished for it. 12. Virginia told that she would give a report of Thanksgiving Day in the USA.

VII. Write the following sentences in indirect speech using the predicates in the correct tenses.

1. Ruth says: “I am reading Hemingway’s story “The Old Man and the Sea”. 2. Roll said: “I read Hemingway’s novel “A Farewell to Arms”. 3. Ronald said: “I read Hemingway’s novel “For Whom the Bell Tolls” two years ago”. 4. Rose said: “I shall read Hemingway’s novel “Fiesta”. 5. The teacher said: “The real name of Mark Twain is Samuel Langhorne Clemens”. 6. The teacher says: “Mark Twain was born in 1835 and died in 1910”. 7. The teacher said: ”Many events in “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” took place in real life”. 8. The teacher said: “We shall read some fragments from the novel “Huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain next time”. 9. The teacher says: ”The outstanding American writer Theodore Dreiser was born in 1871 in a poor family”. 10. The teacher said: “From the very beginning of his literary career Dreiser fought against the writers who idealized capitalist America”. 11. The teacher said: ”Dreiser’s works “The Financier,” “The Titan,” and “The Stoic” give the whole life-story of an American capitalist”. 12. The teacher said: “We shall discuss Dreiser’s “American Tragedy” next time”.

VIII. Choose the right word from those given in brackets.

1. I was told that the Russian government had sold Alaska to America many years (ago, before). 2. “Are you going to talk about Benjamin Franklin (tomorrow, next day)?” the teacher asked me. 3. I didn’t know that you had visited Niagara Falls (yesterday, the day before). 4. I was informed that the climate was very changeable (here, there). 5. I got to know that (these, those) fruits and vegetables were sent all over the United States from California. 6. He said that he had read much interesting information about the Salt Lake desert in the Sierra Nevada mountains (last week, the week before). 7. The guide told us that we would see Chicago, the second largest city in the United States, (today, that day).

IX. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying special attention to the conjunctions “if” and “whether”.

1. I wonder if it is allowed to go sightseeing in the White House. 2. He wonders whether all American presidents lived in the White House. 3. She wondered if the residence of American presidents had been always painted white. 4. They don’t remember if there are any skyscrapers in Washington. 5. I didn’t know if George Washington had taken part in selecting the area for the city of Washington. 6. I don’t remember whether the Washington monument is situated on the Hill in Potomac Park. 7. I wonder whether the Congress has its seat in the Capitol. 8. He doesn’t remember if Capitol Hill is the highest point in the city of Washington.

X. Read the text, get ready to render its contents in Russian / English.

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