Stability of articulation.

Monophthongs (articul. Is unchanging), diphthongs (organs of speech glide from one position to another within 1 syllable. The starting point(nucl.) is strong $ distinct, glide is weak- ei, эi, au). Diphthongoids (artic. is slightly changing [i:], [u:].

2. The position of the tongue, another principle for consideration, is characterized from two aspects: horizontal and vertical movement. According to the horizontal movement five classes of vowels are distinguished:

According to the vertical movement three classes of vowels are distinguished:

3. Lip rounding is another articulatory feature which is included into the principles of classification of English vowels. Traditionally three lip positions are distinguished: spread, neutral and rounded. For the purpose of classification it is sufficient to distinguish between two lip positions: rounded and unrounded or neutral.

4. Another property of English vowel sounds is traditionally termed checkness (character of vowel end). The degree of checkness may vary and depends on the following consonants. Before voiceless consonant it is more perceptible than before a lenis voiced consonant or sonorant. All long vowels are free.

5. The English monophthongs are traditionally divided into two classes according to their length: a) short vowels: [I], [e], [;:e], [u], [A], [a], [n]; b) long vowels: [i:], [a:], [;):], [3:], [u:].

6. tenseness. It characterizes the state of the organs of speech at the moment of the production of vowels. Special instrumental analysis shows that historically long vowels are tense- i, e, u, o, ɔ, ɑ, ɝ while historically short vowels are lax- ɪ, ɛ, æ, ʊ, ə, ʌ, ɚ.

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