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Political power in Russia is highly centralized in the President and the Presidential Administration within the Kremlin which exert their influence over all aspects of domestic and foreign policy. Following the election of former President Vladimir Putin in early 2000, political stability and policy predictability gradually increased. Under Putin's leadership the Russian economy had boasted an annual growth rate of almost 7%. Overall, the reforms undertaken by Putin elicited little opposition, and his approval rating rarely fell below 70%. These policies have also been embraced by the new president; since his election in 2008, Medvedev has followed a similar policy line to that of the previous administration.[3] Foreign investors/exporters are unlikely to see any significant impact to the business climate as a result of the president elections next year.
High level of bureaucracy and corruption
According to Transparency International, Russia scored 2.1 out of 10 in the 2010 Corruption Perception Index.[4] Out of the 176 countries surveyed for the index, Russia was in 154th place in 2010. Furthermore, according to a survey carried out by the World Bank, nearly 80% of businesses in Russia are paying some form of bribes, often to state-run agencies.
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