Political parties

A political party is a group of people who seek (керувати) the country according to their agreed views and principles. Political par­ties are essential to provide (виборців) with freedom of (вибору) between alternatives.

The main parties in the UK are the Conservative party (right wing), the Labour party (left wing) and the Liberal Democrats (centre). A number of other parties have won seats in (парламенті).

Any person who is British, Commonwealth or Irish Republic citi­zen may stand as a candidate at a parliamentary (виборах) if he or she is 21 years old or over.

The Conservative Party. Very often the term Tory is used in­stead of Conservatives. The Conservative Party was formed in the mid 19th century. The Tories were the party that supported (церква) and (короля). The Conservative Party believes in free enterprise and the importance of a capitalist (економіки), with (приватною) owner­ship preferred to state control.

The Labour Party. In the eighteen-eighties the first socialist or­ganizations arose in Britain. A great expansion of the trade union (руху) took place. In 1900, the Labour Party (була заснована) under the name of the Labour Representation Committee. It was a federa­tion of trade unions and trade councils, cooperative societies and so­cialist organizations. In 1906 the Labour Representation Committee officially adopted the title of the (Лейбористської партії). The La­bour Party believes that private (власність) and enterprise should be allowed to flourish, but not at the expense of their traditional support of the public services.

The Liberal Party. There has been a Liberal Party in Great Bri­tain since 1868 when the name was adopted by the Whig Party. The Whig Party was created after the revolution of 1688 and aimed to subordinate the power of the Crown to that of (парламент) and the upper classes. In 1981 a second centre party was created by 24 Labour (членами парламенту). It was called the (соціал-демократична) Party, and soon formed an alliance with the Liberal Party. They formed a single party which became the Liberal Democrats after the 1987 (виборів). The Liberal Democrats believe that the (держава) should have some control over the (економікою), but that there should be individual ownership. There are other political parties within the UK. The Green Party offers economic and industrial policies that relate directly to the (навколишньому середовищі). The Scottish Natio­nalist Party wants (незалежність) for Scotland within the European Community. Plaid Cymru - the Welsh Nationalist Party - is deter­mined to preserve the Welsh language and culture as the foundation of a distinctive Welsh identity within the UK.

7. Find in the text the English equivalents for the phrases below:

- політична партія;

- Консервативна партія;

- Ліберальна партія;

- Лейбористська партія;

- Партія Зелених;

- вибори парламенту;

- приватна/індивідуальна власність;

- профспілки (тред-юніони);

- контролювати економіку;

- свобода вибору.

Дата добавления: 2015-08-17