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Market and command economies

Exercise 2: Find the words in the article to complete the following statements. | Exercise 4: Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends using the information from the Text 2. | BUSINESSES SET TO VIE FOR NORTH TOP AWARDS | UNIT 5: COMPETITION | Exercise 1: Match the ends (below) of the sentences to their beginnings. | Exercise 4: Translate the conversation between Ann, director of a successful company and her acquaintance. What kind of competition did Ann face? | Exercise 5: Work with a partner to complete the sentences below with the following words. | Text 1: Read and translate the text | Vocabulary | Exercise 1: Give the Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases. |


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Economics is a science that analyzes what, how, and for whom society produces. The central economic problem is to reconcile the conflict be­tween people's unlimited demands with society's ability to produce goods and services.

In industrial Western countries markets are to allocate resources. The market is the process by which production and consumption are coordinated through prices.

In a command economy, a central planning office makes decisions on what, how, and for whom to produce. Economy cannot rely entirely on com­mand, but there was extensive planning in many Soviet bloc countries.

A free market economy has no government intervention. Resources are allocated entirely through markets.

Modern economies in the West are mixed and rely mainly on the market but with a large dose of government intervention. The optimal level of gov­ernment intervention remains a problem which is of interest to economists.

The degree of government restrictions differs greatly between coun­tries that have command economies and countries that have free market economies. In the former, resources are allocated by central government planning. In the latter, there is not any government regulation of the con­sumption, production, and exchange of goods. Between the two main types lies the mixed economy where market and government are both of importance.

 

Vocabulary:

economics - n 1. экономическая наука; 2. экономика

economicа 1. экономический; 2. экономически выгодный; рентабельный

economicalа 1. экономный, бережливый; 2. экономичный

economist - n экономист

economizev экономить; экономно расходовать или использовать

economyn хозяйство, экономика

command economy – централизованно управляемая экономика; нерыночная экономика

free market economy – свободная рыночная экономика

mixed economy – смешанная экономика

society - n 1. общество, общественный строй; 2. общество, организация, ассоциация

producev производить, вырабатывать

productionn производство

demandn спрос; требование; запрос; потребность

demand for smth – спрос на что-нибудь

to be in high / low demand – пользоваться большим / небольшим спросом

goodn товар, изделие

servicen услуга

marketn рынок

allocate v (smth to / in smth, smb) 1. размещать, распределять (что-л, куда-л, кому-л); 2. ассигновать (что-л, на что-л, кому-л)

resource(s) – n ресурс(ы), средства

consumptionn потребление

through – prep через; посредством; благодаря

price - n цена

at high/low prices – по высоким / низким ценам; при высоких / низких ценах

price for/of a good – цена товара, цена на товар

plan - v планировать

planningn планирование

decisionn решение

to make a decision – принимать решение

rely v (on smb, smth) - полагаться (на кого-л, на что-л)

entirelyadv полностью, всецело

governmentn правительство

interventionn вмешательство

government intervention – государственное вмешательство

leveln уровень

at a certain level – на определенном уровне

restrictionn ограничение

(the) formerа первый (из двух названных)

(the) latterа последний (из двух названных); второй

regulationn регулирование

government regulation - государственное регулирование

bothа pron оба, обе; и тот и другой

importance - n важность, значение

to be of importance – быть важным, иметь (большое) значение

 


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