Modal verbs

(Модальні дієслова)

	Modal Verb	Examples
ability	can (could) to be able to	I can speak English. She could swim when she was 14. She is (was/ will be) able to do it without our help.
permission	may (might) to be allowed to	May I come in? We might take any book we liked. They are (were/ will be) allowed to use these tools.
obligation, duty	must	I must work hard to become a good specialist.
obligation from outside	to have to	Pupils have to wear a uniform.
advice, mild obligation	should	You should read this book.
advice, mild obligation	ought to	You ought to be more attentive.
obligation, compulsion asking for instruction	shall	You shalldo it immediately. Where shallI put these books? What shall I do?
	to be to	He is to come at 5.
prohibition	must not не можна	You must not smoke here.
necessity	need must have to	The TV needs repairing. We must/have to leave now or we’ll miss the plane.
lack of necessity	needn’t don’t need /don’t have to	You needn’twrite down your translation, you may do it orally. She doesn’t need/doesn’t have to work as her husband has a well-paid job.
criticism	could might perfect should infinitive ought to	You could have done it. (But you didn’t do it.) You might have phoned. (But you didn’t phone.) You should have written the exercise. (But you didn’t write exercise.) You ought to have warned her. (But you didn’t warn her.)
probability	can't не можливо could may можливо might must напевно	He can’t be wrong. (I’m sure he is not wrong.) He could/may/might be wrong. (Perhaps he is wrong.) He must be wrong. (I’m sure he is wrong.)

Дата добавления: 2015-07-25