The periodic table of elements (i)

This table shows the known elements in the order of the strength of the electrical charge on their nuclei, or inner portions. Elements in the same column are usually similar chemically. At least 88 of the first 92 elements are found in nature. Elements 93 and above were produced synthetically during and after the development of the atomic bomb.

Elements to the left of the heavy zigzag line are metals. Those to the right are non-metals, although boron, silicon, carbon, selenium, and tellurium are sufficiently metallic in character to be called metalloids.

Elements in the two strips below the main table Abe called rare earths. The upper strip contains the lanthanide series. These elements have such close chemical similarities that separation of some of them has been difficult. Most of the actinide series, lower strip, show radioactivity.

In September 1949 the International Union of Chemistry met at Amsterdam and recommended that tungsten henceforth be called wolfram, columbium be called niobium and beryllium be renamed glucinium. Although chemists in the United States have accepted the change from columbium to niobium, many, if not most, metallurgists have not. The other two suggested changes have not made headway. The Union recommended also that the names of elements 71 and 91 be spelled lutetium and protactinium, respectively. This recommendation has been followed.

2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

електричний заряд, ядро, виробляти синтетично, атомна бомба, бор, кремній, вуглець, селен, телур, металоїди, віднині.

3. Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:

charge, changes, electrical, to produce, actinide, inner, series, portion, to suggest, synthetically.

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