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1) The death of fifty-two garment workers in a Bangladeshi sweatshop shows that:
a. the lives of the world’s poor are far worse than many people in Canada realize.
b. workers have greater power in poor countries than they do in the United States.
c. workplace regulations are very strict in low-income nations.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 284
Skill: Factual
2) The wealthiest 20 percent of the global population receives about what percentage of all global income
a. 28 percent
b. 35 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 77 percent
Answer: d
Page Reference: 285
Skill: Factual
3) The poorest 20 percent of the global population receives only about what percentage of all global income?
a. 2 percent
b. 5 percent
c. 10 percent
d. 15 percent
Answer: a
Page Reference: 285
Skill: Factual
4) Currently, how many nations are there in the world?
a. 57
b. 195
c. 341
d. 2,190
Answer: b
Page Reference: 285
Skill: Factual
5) Which of the following has the greatest number of countries, at 72?
a. high-income
b. middle-income
c. low-income
Answer: a
Page Reference: 285
Skill: Factual
6) Japan, Canada, and the nations of Western Europe are all classified as:
a. low-income countries.
b. middle-income countries.
c. high-income countries.
d. These countries do not fall into any one category.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 286
Skill: Conceptual
7) The people of the high-income countries, who represent 23 percent of the world’s population, enjoy about how much of the world’s income?
a. 27 percent
b. 43 percent
c. 65 percent
d. 78 percent
Answer: d
Page Reference: 286
Skill: Factual
8) One of the countries listed below is NOT a high-income nation. Which one is it?
a. Canada
b. South Africa
c. Israel
d. Bulgaria
Answer: d
Page Reference: 286-287
Skill: Applied
9) High-income nations:
a. are at the forefront of the Information Revolution.
b. make use of factories, big machinery, and advanced technology.
c. contain almost all the world’s financial markets.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 286
Skill: Factual
10) In middle-income nations, average personal income is in the range of:
a. $250 and $1,000.
b. $1,000 and $2,500.
c. $2,500 and $12,000.
d. $10,000 and $25,000.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 286
Skill: Factual
11) Macionis writes of his trip to ___________________ and refers to a young girl he saw in “one of the poorest neighbourhoods in the entire world”.
a. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
b. Manila, Philippines
c. Phnom Pen, Cambodia
d. Mexico, City, Mexico
Answer: b
Page Reference: 288
Skill: Factual
12) If you wanted to visit the world's low-income nations, where would you travel?
a. Africa and Asia
b. Latin America
c. Eastern Europe
d. North America
Answer: a
Page Reference: 288
Skill: Applied
13) In poor nations, poverty is_____ than in Canada.
a. more likely to involve men
b. more widespread and severe
c. addressed more effectively
d. less serious a problem
Answer: b
Page Reference: 289-291
Skill: Factual
14) A majority of the world's people live in:
a. low-income nations.
b. middle-income nations.
c. high-income nations.
d. None of the above is correct.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 289
Skill: Factual
15) In global perspective, economic productivity is lowest in precisely the regions where:
a. population growth is highest.
b. most people live in cities.
c. technology is most advanced.
d. once there was the greatest prosperity.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 289
Skill: Applied
16) ______________ has the lowest Q.L.I. on Table 12-1 “Wealth and Well-Being in Global Perspective”.
a. Pakistan
b. Kenya
c. Bangladesh
d. Niger
Answer: d
Page Reference: 289
Skill: Factual
17) ________________ has the highest Q.L.I. on Table 12-1 “Wealth and Well-Being in Global Perspective”.
a. the United States
b. Canada
c. Japan
d. Norway
Answer: d
Page Reference: 289
Skill: Factual
18) In the world’s low- and middle-income nations, what proportion of all children do not receive enough nutrition to be healthy?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
Answer: b
Page Reference: 291
Skill: Factual
19) For the world as a whole, about how many people suffer from chronic hunger that leaves them less able to work and places them at high risk of disease?
a. 1 million
b. 10 million
c. 100 million
d. 1 billion
Answer: d
Page Reference: 291
Skill: Factual
20) Absolute poverty is:
a. most common in large nations such as the United States.
b. the same as relative poverty.
c. life threatening.
d. found only in low-income nations.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 290
Skill: Conceptual
21) The typical adult in a rich nation like Canada consumes about _____ calories per day.
a. 1,000
b. 1,250
c. 2,000
d. 3,500
Answer: d
Page Reference: 291
Skill: Factual
22) Estimates are that at least ________________ children living in cities in poor countries beg, steal, sell sex, or work for drug gangs to provide income for their families.
a. 1 million
b. 10 million
c. 100 million
d. 1 billion
Answer: c
Page Reference: 291
Skill: Factual
23) Which world region contains the largest share of the world’s street children?
a. Asia
b. Latin America
c. Africa
d. Europe
Answer: b
Page Reference: 291
Skill: Factual
24) In poor countries, the disadvantages women face relative to men are:
a. about the same as in rich nations.
b. smaller than in rich nations.
c. greater than in rich nations.
d. nonexistent; in poor countries, women and men have the same social standing.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 291-292
Skill: Factual
25) Of the roughly 1 billion people in the world who are living in absolute poverty, what share are women?
a. 20 percent
b. 35 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 70 percent
Answer: d
Page Reference: 291
Skill: Factual
26) According to Anti-Slavery International, about how many men, women, and children live today in conditions that amount to slavery?
a. 20,000
b. 200,000
c. 200 million
d. 2 billion
Answer: c
Page Reference: 292
Skill: Factual
27) Which type of slavery refers to one person owning another?
a. chattel slavery
b. child slavery
c. debt bondage
d. servile forms of marriage
Answer: a
Page Reference: 292
Skill: Conceptual
28) Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers by paying them too little to cover their debts?
a. chattel slavery
b. child slavery
c. debt bondage
d. servile forms of marriage
Answer: c
Page Reference: 292
Skill: Conceptual
29) If you were to apply modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might point to which of the following traits of low-income nations?
a. the use of relatively little advanced technology
b. high levels of population increase
c. cultural resistance to innovation
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 294-295
Skill: Applied
30) The concept of "colonialism" refers to the process by which:
a. rich nations share advanced technology with poor countries.
b. some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of others.
c. poor nations shake off control by other nations.
d. immigration helps to spark economic development.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 297-298
Skill: Conceptual
31) The concept of "neocolonialism" refers to the process by which:
a. countries gain new colonies to replace older ones.
b. countries rid themselves of former colonies.
c. multinational corporations dominate the economy of a poor country.
d. companies operate in many countries at one time.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 298
Skill: Conceptual
32) What concept refers to a global economy in which multinational corporations exploit people in low-income nations?
a. colonialism
b. corporate slavery
c. neocolonialism
d. international bondage
Answer: c
Page Reference: 298
Skill: Conceptual
33) Because, until a few centuries ago, the entire world was poor, _____________ claims that what requires explanation is affluence.
a. modernization theory
b. dependency theory
Answer: a
Page Reference: 294-295
Skill: Conceptual
34) Modernization theory claims that:
a. poor nations can never become rich in today’s world.
b. the main causes of poverty involve culture and technology.
c. the main causes of poverty involve multinational corporations.
d. most poor nations were richer in the past.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 294-295
Skill: Conceptual
35) Modernization theory identifies which of the following as the greatest barrier to economic development?
a. technology
b. multinational corporations
c. capitalism
d. tradition
Answer: d
Page Reference: 294
Skill: Factual
36) Which of the following social theorists is identified with modernization theory?
a. Max Weber
b. Karl Marx
c. George Herbert Mead
d. Immanuel Wallerstein
Answer: a
Page Reference: 295
Skill: Factual
37) Which of the following is TRUE?
a. with the Industrial Revolution, the standard of living in high-income countries jumped fourfold during the twentieth century
b. with the Industrial Revolution, the standard of living in middle-income countries jumped fourfold during the twentieth century
c. with the Industrial Revolution, the standard of living in low-income countries jumped fourfold during the twentieth century
Answer: a
Page Reference: 295
Skill: Conceptual
38) According to W. W. Rostow, nations begin at the _____ stage of development and may eventually reach the stage of _____.
a. drive to technological maturity; take-off
b. traditional; high mass consumption
c. high mass consumption; take-off
d. take-off; drive to technological maturity
Answer: b
Page Reference: 295-296
Skill: Factual
39) If you were applying modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might expect rich nations to aid the economic development of poor nations by:
a. assisting in population control.
b. increasing food production.
c. increasing industrial production.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 296
Skill: Applied
40) Some critics claim that modernization theory:
a. ignores how rich nations prevent the economic development of poor nations.
b. amounts to an attack on capitalism.
c. treats rich and poor societies as linked.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 296
Skill: Factual
41) Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by:
a. making poor nations responsible for their own fate.
b. supporting capitalism as a path to development.
c. explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries.
d. claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 297
Skill: Conceptual
42) André Gunder Frank states that poor nations:
a. are responsible for their own poverty.
b. were “underdeveloped,” or made poor, by rich nations.
c. suffer from traditional culture.
d. need to gain more productive technology.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 297
Skill: Factual
43) In past centuries, European nations colonized countries in:
a. Africa
b. Latin America.
c. Asia
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 297-298
Skill: Factual
44) A social theorist who contributed to the development of dependency theory by tracing the growth of the capitalist world economy is:
a. Max Weber.
b. Emile Durkheim.
c. W. W. Rostow.
d. Immanuel Wallerstein.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 298-299
Skill: Factual
45) While modernization theory focuses on _____, dependency theory focuses on _____.
a. poor nations; rich nations
b. the future; the past
c. production of wealth; distribution of wealth
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 300
Skill: Applied
46) According to Immanuel Wallerstein’s theory of global capitalism, which nations are at the “core” of the world economy?
a. high-income nations
b. middle-income nations
c. low-income nations
d. All nations form the “core.”
Answer: a
Page Reference: 298
Skill: Factual
47) What is Wallerstein’s term for the middle-income countries of the world?
a. core
b. semiperiphery
c. periphery
d. outsider nations
Answer: b
Page Reference: 298
Skill: Conceptual
48) Wallerstein pointed to several factors that cause dependency among low-income nations. Which of the following is a factor that Wallerstein did NOT consider to be a cause of dependency?
a. narrow, export-oriented economies
b. lack of integration into the world economy
c. lack of industrial capacity
d. foreign debt
Answer: b
Page Reference: 298-299
Skill: Factual
49) According to dependency theory, poor countries have become dependent on rich nations because:
a. they sell raw materials to rich nations.
b. rich countries bring tourism dollars.
c. rich nations buy their manufactured goods.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 298
Skill: Factual
50) Which theoretical approach claims that rich nations of the world are "overdeveloped" while poor nations are "underdeveloped"?
a. modernization theory
b. dependency theory
c. both modernization theory and dependency theory
d. neither modernization theory nor dependency theory
Answer: b
Page Reference: 297-299
Skill: Conceptual
51) With regard to the role of rich nations, dependency theory:
a. agrees with modernization theory.
b. urges rich nations to invest in poor countries.
c. claims rich nations are to blame for global poverty.
d. claims rich nations prevent poor countries from “growing for export.”
Answer: c
Page Reference: 299
Skill: Factual
52) One criticism of dependency theory is:
a. that it lacks an historical focus.
b. that it has little to say about the role of rich countries.
c. that it blames poor countries for their own poverty.
d. treating global wealth as a zero-sum so that one country benefits only at the expense of another.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 299
Skill: Factual
53) Most Canadian aid to low-income countries is distributed through the:
a. U.N.
b. I.M.F.
c. World Bank
d. C.I.D.A.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 300
Skill: Factual
54) Over the course of the last century, the extent of global economic inequality has:
a. decreased sharply.
b. stayed about the same.
c. increased.
d. become smaller, but not by much.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 302
Skill: Factual
55) The global region that has made the greatest strides out of poverty is:
a. Asia.
b. Africa.
c. Latin America.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 302
Skill: Factual
56) Taken together, the sociological approaches to global poverty show us that poverty is:
a. partly an issue of production.
b. partly a political issue.
c. a problem that threatens world peace.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 302-303
Skill: Applied
57) Which of the following is TRUE?
a. the world’s relative poverty is increasing
b. the world’s relative poverty is decreasing
c. the world’s relative poverty is much the same as it was 100 years ago
d. the world’s relative poverty cannot be accurately measured
Answer: a
Page Reference: 302-303
Skill: Conceptual
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