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1) Which of the following is NOT defined in your text as a dimension of social inequality?
a. wealth
b. power
c. occupational prestige
d. birth order
Answer: d
Page Reference: 258-262
Skill: Conceptual
2) Which of the following concepts refers to earnings from work or any investments?
a. income
b. personal property
c. wealth
d. power
Answer: a
Page Reference: 259
Skill: Conceptual
3) Based on the statistics in the textbook, it is correct to say that in Canada the richest 20 percent of the population earn about _____ times as much as the poorest 20 percent.
a. two
b. twelve
c. forty-four
d. eighty-five
Answer: c
Page Reference: 259
Skill: Applied
4) The total amount of financial assets, minus any debts, is referred to as:
a. income.
b. personal property.
c. wealth.
d. power.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 260
Skill: Conceptual
5) The richest 20 percent of U.S. families owns about what share of all wealth?
a. 6 percent
b. 20 percent
c. 52 percent
d. 85 percent
Answer: d
Page Reference: 260
Skill: Factual
6) Which of the following has the highest median income in Canada?
a. Nunavut
b. Ontario
c. Alberta
d. The Yukon
Answer: c
Page Reference: 261
Skill: Factual
7) Based on what you know about occupational prestige, which of the following statements is correct?
a. Most of the highest-ranked occupations in Canada are dominated by women.
b. Occupational rankings are much the same in all high-income nations.
c. White-collar work and blue-collar work have about the same social prestige.
d. In Canada, occupation has little to do with social standing.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 260-261
Skill: Applied
8) Among the following, which has the lowest median income?
a. New Brunswick
b. Quebec
c. The Yukon
d. Newfoundland
Answer: d
Page Reference: 261
Skill: Factual
9) Education is an important determinant of _______ in industrial societies.
a. meritocracy
b. endogamy
c. labour force participation
d. gender identity and roles
Answer: c
Page Reference: 262
Skill: Conceptual
10) Nothing affects social standing in Canada as much as:
a. ancestry
b. schooling
c. gender
d. ethnicity
Answer: a
Page Reference: 263
Skill: Conceptual
11) Which of the following factors affect social position in Canada?
a. the family a person is born into
b. a person's race
c. a person's gender
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 263-265
Skill: Applied
12) Which of the following contributes to a blurred line between social classes?
a. social mobility
b. an ineffective social welfare and unemployment insurance program
c. use of a relative definition of poverty that changes by geographical area
d. inflation and an increasing cost of living for all Canadians
Answer: a
Page Reference: 265
Skill: Conceptual
13) If you followed the lead of Max Weber, you would think of social stratification in terms of:
a. a multidimensional status hierarchy.
b. two major social classes.
c. a middle-class society.
d. six different social classes.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 265
Skill: Applied
14) Statistics Canada has recently found that differences in household access to the Internet is best explained by education level of household head and _____________.
a. age of household head
b. number of children in the home
c. Blishen score of female parent
d. ages of children
Answer: a
Page Reference: 266
Skill: Factual
15) The upper-upper class is often referred to as:
a. elitist society
b. popular society
c. high society
d. ideal society
Answer: a
Page Reference: 265-266
Skill: Factual
16) Women of the upper-upper class often _____________.
a. remain at home because of no financial need for employment
b. maintain a full schedule of volunteer work for charitable organizations
c. gain employment through their husbands’ “network”
d. have a clearly altruistic motive when engaging in volunteer community services
Answer: b
Page Reference: 266
Skill: Conceptual
17) Being in the upper-upper class is usually the result of _____; being in the lower-upper class is more a matter of _____.
a. birth; achievement
b. business success; birth
c. gender; birth
d. high-income; low-income
Answer: a
Page Reference: 266
Skill: Conceptual
18) The lower-upper class _________________.
a. can enjoy the same levels of prestige enjoyed by those with rich and famous grandparents
b. depend on wealth, as much as earnings, as their primary source of income
c. can readily join prestigious clubs because they can afford high initiation and yearly fees
d. are often referred to as the “nouveau riche”
Answer: d
Page Reference: 266
Skill: Conceptual
19) A professional Canadian hockey player has just signed his first million-dollar contract to play in the NHL. Ha has just entered the _______________ class.
a. upper-upper
b. lower-upper
c. upper-middle
d. elite
Answer: b
Page Reference: 266-267
Skill: Applied
20) The family of actor Will Smith and actress Jada Pinkett Smith would best be described as:
a. working class.
b. middle class.
c. “old money.”
d. lower-upper class.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 266-267
Skill: Applied
21) A good example of a person in the upper-upper class is:
a. J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter books.
b. Elizabeth II, the queen of England.
c. anyone who is part of the “working rich.”
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 265-266
Skill: Applied
22) Which of the following class levels contains the least amount of racial and ethnic diversity?
a. the upper-upper class
b. the middle class
c. the working class
d. All class levels have the same level of racial and ethnic diversity.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 265-267
Skill: Factual
23) According to your text, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a person from the top half of the middle class?
a. the accumulation of considerable property
b. a comfortable house in a fairly expensive area
c. several automobiles
d. limited involvement in local political affairs
Answer: d
Page Reference: 267-268
Skill: Conceptual
24) In Canada, the middle class encompasses about _____ percent of the population.
a. 10-20
b. 20-30
c. 40-50
d. 80-90
Answer: c
Page Reference: 267
Skill: Factual
25) According to your text book, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the average middle class person?
a. they work in less prestigious white-collar occupations
b. they work in highly skilled blue-collar occupations
c. few own their own houses
d. their children often go to university close to home
Answer: c
Page Reference: 268
Skill: Conceptual
26) Working class people might also be described as _____.
a. lower-middle class
b. lower-upper class
c. lower-class
d. upper-middle class
Answer: a
Page Reference: 268
Skill: Conceptual
27) According to Karl Marx, which class forms the core of the industrial proletariat?
a. the upper-middle class
b. the middle class
c. the upper class
d. the working class
Answer: d
Page Reference: 268
Skill: Factual
28) Many working class jobs require ____, but rarely, _____________.
a. intelligence; creativity
b. continual supervision; discipline
c. imagination; intelligence
d. discipline; imagination
Answer: d
Page Reference: 269
Skill: Conceptual
29) The lower class makes up ________ percent of the Canadian population.
a. 20
b. 30
c. 45
d. 55
Answer: a
Page Reference: 268
Skill: Factual
30) The working poor:
a. live primarily on welfare
b. often work 2-3 jobs to make ends meet
c. have average levels of literacy
d. are mostly optimistic about the future
Answer: b
Page Reference: 269
Skill: Factual
31) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lower-class families?
a. they typically work in low-prestige jobs that provide minimal income and little intrinsic satisfaction
b. they are widely dispersed into neighbourhoods with the middle class
c. they are most often found in cities, where large numbers of poor families live in rental housing and may be shunned by other social classes
d. the children learn that many people consider them only marginal members of society
Answer: b
Page Reference: 268
Skill: Conceptual
32) Richer people live longer for several reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these reasons?
a. they eat more nutritious foods
b. they live in safer environments
c. they have been shown by biologists to have fewer genetic anomalies
d. they receive better health care
Answer: c
Page Reference: 269
Skill: Conceptual
33) In general, people of low-class position:
a. live in less safe and more stressful environments.
b. are less likely to describe their own health as “excellent.”
c. live fewer years overall.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 268-269
Skill: Factual
34) The concept “conspicuous consumption” refers to:
a. buying things that are popular with the most people.
b. buying more than what you need for the moment.
c. the practice of buying things to make a statement about one’s social position.
d. acting as if one had a lower social position than is really the case.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 269
Skill: Conceptual
35) Which of the following categories of people are most likely to be tolerant on controversial behaviours such as homosexuality?
a. rich, highly-educated people
b. average, middle class people
c. less-educated working class people
d. All these categories are equally likely to be liberal on social issues.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 269
Skill: Factual
36) The concept of “intergenerational social mobility” refers to change in social position:
a. over a person’s lifetime
b. when moving from one type of job to another.
c. in a downward direction.
d. by children in relation to their parents.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 269-270
Skill: Conceptual
37) Which of the following concepts refers to change in social position during a person's lifetime?
a. intragenerational social mobility
b. intergenerational social mobility
c. structural social mobility
d. horizontal social mobility
Answer: a
Page Reference: 269
Skill: Conceptual
38) The higher the level of education and occupation of _________________, the more years of schooling one is likely to complete.
a. one’s peers
b. one’s mother
c. one’s father
d. one’s grandparents
Answer: c
Page Reference: 270
Skill: Factual
39) Relative poverty:
a. is found everywhere.
b. is life threatening.
c. is not found in Canada
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 270
Skill: Conceptual
40) According to your text, _____________ is the key to occupational mobility in Canada.
a. networking
b. wealth
c. personality
d. education
Answer: d
Page Reference: 270
Skill: Conceptual
41) A deprivation of resources that is life-threatening is called:
a. comparable poverty
b. analogous poverty
c. absolute poverty
d. relative poverty
Answer: c
Page Reference: 270
Skill: Conceptual
42) Who, of the following, would be most likely to be poor?
a. an urban male
b. a rural male
c. an urban woman
d. a rural woman
Answer: d
Page Reference: 271-273
Skill: Conceptual
43) The lowest level of poverty in Canada is found in which of the following educational groups?
a. some high school
b. some post-secondary
c. diploma completion
d. degree completion
Answer: d
Page Reference: 272
Skill: Conceptual
44) Which of the following ethnic or racial categories rank in the bottom fifteen (of sixty) for average male income?
a. French
b. Scottish
c. West Indian
d. Jewish
Answer: c
Page Reference: 272
Skill: Factual
45) The concept “feminization of poverty” refers to the fact that, in the United States:
a. more and more women are becoming poor.
b. today’s women have fewer legal rights.
c. women make up an increasing share of the poor.
d. fewer women now work for income.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 273
Skill: Conceptual
46) Edward Banfield (1974), in his description of a distinctive lower-class subculture, suggests that:
a. poor people live largely for the future
b. poor people are not responsible for their poverty
c. poor people who live largely for the moment are basically irresponsible
d. the poor deserve better than what they get in our society
Answer: c
Page Reference: 274
Skill: Conceptual
47) William Ryan (1976) argues that:
a. the poor are responsible for their own situation
b. poverty is inevitable
c. lack of ambition on the part of poor people is a cause of their unfortunate situation
d. society is responsible for the existence of poverty
Answer: d
Page Reference: 274
Skill: Conceptual
48) The societal factors which now contribute to homelessness include:
a. a lack of low-income housing
b. lower levels of ambition among the poor
c. the trend toward high-tech jobs
d. increased welfare payments
Answer: a
Page Reference: 275-277
Skill: Conceptual
49) The fastest growing category of the homeless is:
a. mentally ill individuals
b. divorced females
c. drug addicts
d. children
Answer: d
Page Reference: 276
Skill: Factual
50) The anthropologist Oscar Lewis suggested the cause of poverty lies in:
a. a lower-class culture of poverty.
b. lack of government action.
c. too few available jobs.
d. bad public schools.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 274
Skill: Factual
51) Which of the following statements about homelessness is TRUE?
a. Most homeless adults are mentally ill.
b. Most homeless adults are substance abusers.
c. The elderly are the fastest-growing category of the homeless.
d. One-third of all homeless people are entire families.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 277
Skill: Factual
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