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1) Dianne and Matt are lost while driving to some friends' house. Matt will not stop to ask for directions as Dianne wants him to. This chapter-opening story illustrates the pattern that
a. social interaction is actually mostly random.
b. men and women may have disagreements about who should drive.
c. men avoid asking for directions because it makes them dependent on someone else.
d. men are more interested in connectedness than women are.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 134
Skill: Factual
2) The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called:
a. social connectedness.
b. social construction.
c. social dynamics.
d. social interaction.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 134
Skill: Conceptual
3) Which of the following concepts defines who and what we are in relation to others?
a. role
b. status
c. role set
d. presentation of self
Answer: b
Page Reference: 134
Skill: Conceptual
4) At a given time you occupy a number of statuses. These statuses make up your:
a. master status.
b. role set.
c. achieved statuses.
d. status set.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 135
Skill: Conceptual
5) What concept refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily assumed later in life?
a. passive role
b. master status
c. ascribed status
d. achieved status
Answer: c
Page Reference: 135
Skill: Conceptual
6) Which concept refers to a social position that is assumed voluntarily and that reflects a significant measure of personal ability and effort?
a. active role
b. master status
c. ascribed status
d. achieved status
Answer: d
Page Reference: 135
Skill: Conceptual
7) Which concept refers to a status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life?
a. social status
b. master status
c. ascribed status
d. achieved status
Answer: b
Page Reference: 135
Skill: Conceptual
8) Julie is a police officer who finds that, wherever she goes in her small town, people seem to think of her as a cop. Julie is experiencing the effects of which of the following?
a. role exit
b. master status
c. ascribed status
d. status conflict
Answer: b
Page Reference: 135
Skill: Applied
9) Akbar is an honors student. In sociological terms, being an honors student is an example of which of the following?
a. role conflict
b. master status
c. ascribed status
d. achieved status
Answer: d
Page Reference: 135
Skill: Applied
10) Which item in the following list might serve as a master status?
a. occupation
b. physical or mental disability
c. race or color
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 135
Skill: Applied
11) Sociologists use what concept to refer to behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status?
a. role
b. master status
c. status set
d. role set
Answer: a
Page Reference: 136
Skill: Conceptual
12) A role set refers to:
a. all the roles found in a society.
b. a number of roles attached to a single status.
c. all the roles that are similar in function.
d. a number of roles within any particular organization.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 136
Skill: Conceptual
13) What is the concept that refers to the conflict among roles corresponding to two or more statuses?
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. role set
d. role exit
Answer: a
Page Reference: 136
Skill: Conceptual
14) Shawna is an excellent artist but, as a mother, finds she cannot devote enough time to her family. She is experiencing:
a. role conflict.
b. role strain.
c. role ambiguity.
d. role exit.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 136
Skill: Applied
15) Which concept refers to the tension among roles connected to a single status?
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. role ambiguity
d. role exit
Answer: b
Page Reference: 136
Skill: Conceptual
16) Which of the following is involved when a surgeon chooses not to operate on her own son because the personal involvement of motherhood could impair her professional objectivity as a physician?
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. role ambiguity
d. role exit
Answer: a
Page Reference: 136
Skill: Applied
17) Which of the following is involved when a plant supervisor wishes to be a good friend and confidant to the workers but must remain distant to rate the workers’ performances?
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. role ambiguity
d. role exit
Answer: b
Page Reference: 136
Skill: Applied
18) What is the term for the process by which people disengage from important social roles?
a. role rejection
b. role reversal
c. role loss
d. role exit
Answer: d
Page Reference: 136-137
Skill: Conceptual
19) Rebuilding relationships with people who knew you in an earlier period of life is a common experience for those who are undergoing which of the following?
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. role ambiguity
d. role exit
Answer: d
Page Reference: 136-137
Skill: Conceptual
20) Which concept is used to designate the process by which people creatively shape reality as they interact?
a. status interaction
b. social construction of reality
c. interactive reality
d. role reality
Answer: b
Page Reference: 137
Skill: Conceptual
21) Flirting is a way of seeing if someone is interested in you without risking rejection. From this point of view, flirting illustrates:
a. the Thomas theorem.
b. the process of role exit.
c. the social construction of reality.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 137-138
Skill: Applied
22) The Thomas theorem states that:
a. a role is as a role does.
b. people rise to their level of incompetence.
c. situations defined as real are real in their consequences.
d. people know the world only through their language.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 138
Skill: Conceptual
23) Garfinkel’s research, called ethnomethodology, involves:
a. studying the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings.
b. tracking people’s roles over the life course.
c. the study of interaction in terms of theatrical performance.
d. studying unfamiliar cultural systems.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 139
Skill: Conceptual
24) Which of the following is likely to play a part in the reality we construct through social interaction?
a. social class background
b. the country we live in
c. our ethnicity
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 139
Skill: Factual
25) The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as:
a. ethnomethodology.
b. dramaturgical analysis.
c. the Thomas theorem.
d. the social construction of reality.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 139-140
Skill: Conceptual
26) Which sociologist developed the approach called dramaturgical analysis?
a. George Herbert Mead
b. Harold Garfinkel
c. Erving Goffman
d. W. I. Thomas
Answer: c
Page Reference: 139-140
Skill: Factual
27) What does the term "presentation of self" mean?
a. efforts to create impressions in the minds of others
b. being very self-conscious
c. interaction that is highly formal
d. trying to take attention away from others
Answer: a
Page Reference: 140
Skill: Conceptual
28) According to Erving Goffman, we engage in a _____ when we use costumes, props, tone of voice, and gestures to convey information to others.
a. role
b. performance
c. status
d. self
Answer: b
Page Reference: 140-141
Skill: Factual
29) Which of the following might be part of the classroom performance of a professor?
a. books and notes
b. lectern or desk
c. acting in charge of the situation
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 140-141
Skill: Applied
30) The power relationship between physician and patient is immediately evident when the patient enters the doctor’s office because:
a. it is up to patients to decide when they will see the doctor.
b. the physician is there to greet the patient.
c. patients must wait until a “gatekeeper” admits them to see the doctor in the office’s “back region.”
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 141
Skill: Factual
31) “Presentation of self” is also known as:
a. non-verbal communication
b. impression management
c. performance
d. body language
Answer: b
Page Reference: 140
Skill: Factual
32) Nonverbal communication refers to:
a. body movements, gestures, and facial expressions.
b. instant messaging and other e-communication.
c. written language.
d. beliefs assumed to be true by everyone.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 141
Skill: Conceptual
33) Which of the following is an important element of non-verbal communication?
a. hand gestures
b. eye contact
c. body language
d. All of the above are correct
Answer: d
Page Reference: 141-142
Skill: Factual
34) The careful observer can notice clues indicating that someone is telling a lie. People give off these clues because:
a. our culture defines specific gestures to convey dishonesty.
b. nonverbal communication is hard for most people to control.
c. few people ever intend to lie.
d. research shows most criminals really want to be caught.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 141-142
Skill: Factual
35) The way we act and carry ourselves is referred to as:
a. demeanour
b. non-verbal communication
c. impressions
d. idealization
Answer: a
Page Reference: 142
Skill: Factual
36) “Personal space” refers to:
a. owned property, such as a house or land.
b. unowned space in a public place.
c. the surrounding area over which an individual makes some claim to privacy.
d. a feeling of needing isolation from others.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 142
Skill: Conceptual
37) In Canada, people stand farther away from one another when speaking than do two people in a Middle Eastern nation. This pattern reveals differences in meaning attached to:
a. personal hygiene.
b. personal space.
c. facial gestures.
d. the rights of women compared to men.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 142
Skill: Factual
38) According to Erving Goffman, people usually make efforts to _____ their intentions.
a. idealize
b. reveal
c. hide
d. contradict
Answer: a
Page Reference: 142
Skill: Conceptual
39) Smiling and making polite remarks to people we do not like is an example of:
a. making another feel embarrassment.
b. exercising power over another.
c. idealizing a personal performance.
d. losing face.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 143-144
Skill: Conceptual
40) Which of the following phrases was used by Erving Goffman to refer to being embarrassed in asocial situation?
a. “breaking” a role
b. “idealizing” a performance
c. "exiting" a role
d. “losing face”
Answer: d
Page Reference: 144
Skill: Factual
41) In terms of dramaturgical analysis, another term for helping a person to “save face,” or avoid embarrassment, is:
a. role exit.
b. tact.
c. idealization.
d. creating personal space.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 144
Skill: Conceptual
42) Tact is a common response in potentially embarrassing situations because:
a. we like most people with whom we interact.
b. our cultural norms demand looking out for others.
c. everyone feels discomfort when a constructed reality breaks down.
d. most people are unsure how to act in most situations.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 144
Skill: Factual
43) Based on research around the world, Paul Ekman concludes that people everywhere have how many basic emotions?
a. six
b. three
c. one
d. None of the above is correct; emotions vary from culture to culture.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 144
Skill: Factual
44) Ekman claims that a major function of emotions is to:
a. let us be “ourselves.”
b. support group life by forging connections with others.
c. limit the power of society over us.
d. give people a feeling of independence from others.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 144
Skill: Factual
45) Cultures differ in terms of:
a. what triggers emotions.
b. the rules for how people display emotions.
c. how emotional we expect people to be.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 144-145
Skill: Factual
46) Arlie Hochschild explains that companies typically:
a. try to regulate the emotions of workers.
b. focus on behavior rather than emotions.
c. encourage the free expression of emotions.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 145
Skill: Factual
47) In which province is there a law requiring women to keep their birth names upon marriage?
a. B.C.
b. Alberta
c. New Brunswick
d. Quebec
Answer: d
Page Reference: 145
Skill: Conceptual
48) Women often take the family name of men upon marriage. In sociological terms, this is an example of how language can be used to convey:
a. power over others.
b. personal knowledge of others.
c. the importance of others.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 145
Skill: Applied
49) The English language often treats as ______ whatever has greater value, power, or importance.
a. gender-free
b. feminine
c. masculine
d. humorous
Answer: c
Page Reference: 145
Skill: Factual
50) Humour is created when people:
a. set up double meanings that are conventional and unconventional.
b. say things that have no meaning at all.
c. speak with great clarity.
d. say things that offend others.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 146
Skill: Applied
51) Which of the following best describes a “well-told” joke?
a. The unconventional and conventional definitions of reality are given so quickly that people will not understand the difference.
b. There is a very sharp contrast between the conventional and unconventional definitions of reality.
c. The conventional and unconventional definitions of reality are virtually the same.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 146
Skill: Applied
52) The idea of “getting” a joke, according to the text, depends on:
a. knowing the joke teller well.
b. having a different social background than the joke teller.
c. understanding the two realities involved and appreciating their difference.
d. understanding exactly why someone is telling a joke.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 146
Skill: Factual
53) In general, an important foundation of humor is:
a. incongruity—differences in meaning.
b. differences in social standing.
c. gender differences.
d. differences in culture.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 148
Skill: Applied
54) When interacting with people of an unfamiliar cultural background,:
a. telling jokes is a good way to “break the ice.”
b. we find people everywhere enjoy many of the same jokes.
c. we find that some cultures do not have humor.
d. what is funny to people in one society may not be funny to those from another society.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 148
Skill: Factual
55) Looking at humour from a structural-functional viewpoint, jokes:
a. are often used to safely express potentially disruptive sentiments.
b. are often used to relieve tension—“lightening” a situation
c. can be used as a form of tact, stating, “Hey, it was only a joke!”
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 147
Skill: Factual
56) From a social-conflict point of view, jokes:
a. tend to bring people together.
b. can be a way of making one category of people feel good at the expense of another.
c. are a good way of reducing conflict in society.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 147-148
Skill: Factual
57) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the functions of humour?
a. humour works as a safety valve for potentially disruptive sentiments
b. humour expresses common identity
c. humour relieves tension in uncomfortable situations
d. humour acts as a mechanism to bond people from many different cultures all at once
Answer: d
Page Reference: 147
Skill: Conceptual
58) Which of the following is TRUE?
a. Canadian Aboriginal humour has never become popular with non- Aboriginal Canadians
b. The Quebecois believe they exist on an island of French in an English-speaking ocean
c. Canada, has, per capita, less comedians than any other country in the Western hemisphere
d. Humour creates a “prison of reality” for disadvantaged people
Answer: b
Page Reference: 149
Skill: Conceptual
59) What can we potentially learn from a person’s Facebook page?
a. educational level of the person
b. whether the person is a “party animal”
c. whether the person is arrogant or modest
d. all of the above
Answer: d
Page Reference: 150
Skill: Conceptual
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