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They give the utterance a milder and more polite meaning:
| somebody | had better had/would rather would sooner | do something |
E.g.:
It's too late. You' d better take a taxi.
It's none of my business, I' d rather not interfere.
6.5. The subjunctive II may be used to express wish or regret in simple sentences:
| If only Oh, that Oh, if | somebody did/ had done something |
E.g.:
If only I knew English grammar better!
Oh, that I were young again!
Oh, if I had known the truth at that time!
BASIC PATTERNS WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN COMPLEX SENTENCES
Subject Clauses
7.1.1. It is strange (funny, sad, etc.) that he should know it.
(In such sentences it is possible to use the indicative mood which is less formal. E.g.: It is strange that he knows it.)
7.1.2. It is necessary (ordered, proposed, required, etc.) that he should go there[25] (A.E.:... that he go there).
7.1.3. It's time (high time) he were here.
Predicative clauses
7.2.1. His suggestion is that we should go there (A. E.:... that we go. there.)
7.2.2. Our fear is lest he should misunderstand us. (The indicative mood is used in this pattern in less formal style after the conjunction that: Our fear is that he will/may misunderstand us. Compare with pattern 7.3.4.).
7.2.3. He looks as if he were ill (now). He looks as if he had been ill (some time before).
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| COMPOSITE SENTENCE ANALYSIS | | | Adverbial clauses of unreal condition |