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e.g. This house is as big as that one. This lady is as attractive as that one. I don’t know whom I like more.
e.g. Our project is not so profitable as theirs. His answer is not so sure as hers.
Ø Після вищого ступеня вживають сполучник than (ніж).
e.g. This summer is hotter than the last one. This language is more difficult to learn than that one.
e.g. The more I practice the better I speak this language. The more he looked at her the more he liked her.
e.g. This story is much (far) more interesting than that one. This trunk is much (far) heavier than that one.
Pronoun (Займенник)
Займенники – це слова, які не називають предмет, особу, якість та явища, а тільки вказують на них. Їхнє значення залежить від контексту: Where is she? – She is in the room.
В англійській мові займенники поділяють на:
Personal Pronouns (Особові займенники)
Називний відмінок (Nominative Case) | Об’єктний відмінок (Objective Case) |
I – я | me – мене / мені |
he – він | him – його / йому |
she – вона | her – їй / її |
it – він / вона / воно | it – його / йому / їй / її |
you – ти, ви | you – вас / вам / тебе / тобі |
we – ми | us – нам / нас |
they – вони | them – їх / їм |
e.g. I’m speaking to him / He is discussing the matter / Did you invite them to the party? / They are thinking about her.
Possessive Pronouns (Присвійні займенники)
Залежна форма (Conjoint Form) | Незалежна форма (Absolute Form) | Українські відповідники |
my | mine | мій / моя / моє / мої |
his | his | його (чоловічій рід) |
her | hers | її |
its | ---- | його (середній рід), її |
our | ours | наш / наша / наше / наші |
your | yours | ваш / ваша / ваше / ваші / твій / твоя / твоє / твої |
their | theirs | їхній / їхня / їхнє / їхні |
e.g. Where are all our things? – Mine are there. They use their notes. It’s no business of yours.
Reflexive Pronouns (Зворотні займенники)
Види зворотних займенників подано вище. You call yourself a gentleman. / He doesn’t like to talk about himself. / I’ve seen it myself. / She told herself that it was true. / They did it themselves.
Reciprocal Pronouns (Взаємні займенники)
Види взаємних займенників подано вище. We loved each other very much. / We respect and trust each other. / They were looking at one another with great interest.
Demonstrative Pronouns (Вказівні займенники)
Види вказівних займенників подано вище. This watch is dear. / These raw materials come from abroad. / It is the same boy who showed us the way. / Why do you ask me such a question?
Interrogative Pronouns (Питальні займенники)
Види питальних займенників подано вище. Who told you about it? / Whom do you trust? / What’s he doing? / Which of them is a doctor? / Whose money is this?
Defining Pronouns (Означальні займенники)
Види означальних займенників подано вище. All the teachers were present. / Each has his own place. / We jog a kilometer every day. / Everybody has already come. / On either side of the river lies a valley. / The other questions may be asked. / This pen won’t write. Give me another.
Indefinite Pronouns (Неозначені займенники)
Види неозначених займенників подано вище. They’ve got some money to buy this thing. / Have you got any ideas to discuss? / Is there anybody here? / We haven’t got any sugar left. / He got frightened because somebody knocked on his door. / Something’s wrong with my eyes, I don’t see anything. / They talk to us as they don’t know anybody here. / One must keep one’s word.
Negative Pronouns (Заперечні займенники)
Види заперечних займенників подано вище. She knows nothing. / No dictionary could help him as he was not smart enough. / I was ringing but no one answered. / None of the rooms were aired. / Neither of us mentioned him. / It was nobody’s house.
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Відсутність артикля | | | Verb. Auxiliary Verbs to be, to have, to do |