Conditional Sentences

I. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian and define the type of conditionals.

l. At the trial if the defendant is convicted, a date for sentence is set.

2. The plaintiff dropped the case if she accepted a six-figure settlement collected by civil rights.

3. If he'd seen the decree on the fifth, he'd have known it was a forgery.

4. The preference not to imprison if a fine or other punishment is sufficient is easily explainable: prisons are overcrowded.

5. Should he or she move outside the permitted area, the computer will activate an alarm and the police will arrest him or her.

6. He or she can call his or her own witnesses who, if they do not want to attend voluntarily, may be legally compelled to do so.

7. It would have to look like an accident or suicide because if it looked like anything else, he would be the first one the police would suspect.

8. The present Law operates a presumption to the effect that the existence of a corporation need be mentioned in the Charter only if the duration is not.

9. He had hoped he would have been able to drive past the post, but it looked as he would have to stop.

10. The point of the woman being strange (зд. suspicious) is this: if she had known him and wanted to kill him, it would have been more natural to do so inside somewhere and not to take this insane risk of killing him in the open.

Conditional sentences: type 1.

II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. If the High Court... (uphold) the Chicago law, dozens of cities... (be expected) to pass similar measures.

2. You... (need) probably a lawyer, if you... (wish) to buy, sell or rent a house.

3. Unless the case...(be) serious, the arrested person... (be)usually granted bail if he or she... (be able) to be quickly brought to court.

4. In this category are the laws valid which impose civil liability for slander or libel, you...(be allowed) to call a man a thief unless he...(be) a thief.

5. If the House... (vote) for the bill, it... (proceed) to the committee stage.

6. If the proof... (not be) sufficient, the jury... (return) a not guilty verdict.

7. That, basically,... (be) the standard which the government... (not be) meet if it... (seek) to limit political speech.

8. If the House so... (decide) the whole House sitting in the committee... (refer) to the bill.

9. Occasionally, if circumstances or policies... (change), provisions... (not be) brought into effect and may be repealed.

10. If people... (not attend) their trial, they... (lose) money (bail).

Conditional sentences: type 2.

III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. If he... (win) the election, it... (mean) moving to Washington, DC, giving up his law practice, starting a whole new life.

2. It was a prize that took years to attain, and he... (not be) about to deprive someone of it unless he (be) certain there was justification.

3. If court... (be) not in session she... (hang) around his office, listening to him discuss his cases and his clients.

4. All I did was to request Mr. Monroe to ask the computer if there... (be) other possible suspects.

5. If the telephone line... (be tapped) by the police, Sergeant Holcomb... (know) about it, and if that's the case, the police must have records of the conversations which took place over that phone...

6. Не seemed to think that he... (be dragged)up before the Grand Jury in San Molinas if he... (try) anything like that.

7. I think, I... (can), Mason told him if I... (be permitted) to question the witnesses.

8. If someone...(say), I will give you $500 to go into court and swear that this statement is true, what you... (do)?

9. The officers followed too closely, knowing there... (be) not enough room to stop if the pursued... (lose) control.

10. That meant if tobacco... (pay) the lawyers, they... (have) to acquiesce to arbitration and an annual $500-million natural fee cup.

Conditional sentences: type 3.

IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. He... (ask) for an annulment or a divorce, if he... (not be) for his dread for publicity.

2. She was sent to prison only because she refused to pay the fine; if she... (pay) the fine she... (not be) sent to prison.

3. If there... (be) any kind of inquiry, he... (be sought) certainly for questioning.

4. The authorities... (arrest) me in Hanoi, if they... (know) of my illegal purpose, but, fortunately, I was free.

5. If Dorothy... (be killed) the murderer... (swear) on a dozen Bibles.

6. He was insanely jealous and yes, he admitted, if he... (have) the opportunity and the means, he... (kill) Anton.

7. I just thought that if I... (get) the truth out of him, someone... (start) already the investigation.

8. If any of the vice interests... (decide) to bump Sabin off (1), they... (hire) a down-and-outer (2) to do the job, or else... (have) a mobster (3) put on the act.

9. If she... (secure) a California divorce, she... (have) to wait a year for the interlocutory decree to be become final, before she could have married again.

10. The accident was mainly Tom's fault. He was driving much too close to the car in front. If he... (be) further away he … (be able) to stop in time.

Conditional sentences: Mixed types.

V. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. If Dorothy... (commit) suicide you... (be) in some way responsible.

2. But I blame the real culprit even more. If he... (admit) his guilt Peter... (not be) expelled.

3. If she... (be working) for Moretti he... (protect) her with a reasonable plausible story.

4. How... (fix) the time of death so accurately, Dake asked, if they... (not find) the body for so long?

5. It...(be) easy to go ahead and carry out the wishes of Stewart Needham. Judge Lawrence Waldman and Robert di Silva unless some instinct... (make) Adam Warner hesitate.

6. If that... (be) а ease, he said, there were probably anywhere from a hundred and 50 people who ... (murder) him without batting an eyelash?

7. If you... (know) all that Raymond Sprague said, and then hid Helen Monteith where we couldn't question her, I think I... (charge) you with being an accessory?

8. If she … (be) in court in Reno, she … (be killing) her husband in a mountain cabin in San Molinas Country at one and the same time.

9. The headmaster decided that Peter was the culprit and expelled him from the school. A more intelligent man... (realize) that he... (not be able) to be guilty.

10. He... (be told) to make the attack at exactly 12.15 if anybody... (accuse) him of disobeying an order.

TEST YOURSELF

1. I am warning you for the last time: you... (not win) if you... (attempt) to contest the will after my death.

2. If magistrates... (be) content to deal with the case; they... (do) so with the consent of the accused.

3. If a landlord... (fail) to provide adequate proofs, he... (be able) now to receive a fine of up to $250 a day.

4. If we... (be) going to represent more than the few states we were representing, we... (need) more financial horsepower and more legal horsepower.

5. If the powerful tobacco lobby... (know) what was coming, the legislation... (be) doomed.

6. If I... (come) across two men fighting with knives I... (call) the police. - But this is a very peaceful area.

7. The burglar made quite a lot of noise getting into the house: but fortunately for him the family were watching a noisy TV play. If they... (play) cards they... (hear) certainly him.

8. We were traveling with false passports. That was the trouble. If our passports... (be) all right we... (not be) arrested.

9. They voted by a show of hands and decided in favor of a strike. But it was by a narrow margin, and I think if they... (hold) a secret ballot there... (not be) a strike.

10. Speakers could not be punished for what they said, unless they... (incite) others to unlawful conduct and unless the circumstances... (be) such as to reasonably justify fear that action would occur.

UNIT 12

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