Vocabulary and Speech Exercises

I. Find the English equivalents for the following word combinations; memorize them.

1. нуждаться в защите правительства

2. излагать что-либо

3. право на жизнь и свободу

4. стремление к счастью

5. свобода добиваться политических целей

6. право на частную собственность

7. Всеобщая Декларация Прав Человека

8. призывать народы уважать свободу слова

9. нарушения прав человека

10. происходить во всем мире

11. быть несправедливо заключенным в тюрьму

12. полная занятость

13. придерживаться мнения

14. предоставить основные свободы

15. соблюдать чьи-либо права

II. Complete the following word combinations with prepositions.

1. to have rights … personal freedom, justice and so on

2. to be established … law

3. to be free … various evils

4. freedom … want, freedom … fear

5. to agree … something

6. to provide … something

7. to interfere … the lives … its citizens

8. to protect somebody … violations of human rights

9. to agree … the idea

10. a chance of defence … any threat … one’s human rights

III. Explain what the following freedoms mentioned in the text mean.

Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of association, freedom from want, freedom from fear.

IV. Look up in the dictionary the meaning of the words “human”, “humane”, “humanity”, “humanism”, “humanist”, “humanistic”, “humanitarian”. How to call all these words?

V. State if the following nouns are countable or uncountable:

Right, freedom, justice, woman, children, person, men, governments, charters, statement, Declaration, citizen, independence, life, liberty, happiness, law, speech, religion, goals, property, need, fear, nations, reason.

What number may they be used in?

Could you classify them into class, abstract and collective nouns. Add some more examples.

VI. Fill the text with the verbs from the box; retell the text.

are (2) excludes has devised guarantees means is (2) includes result

The task of striking a balance between the needs of society on the one hand and the rights of the individual on the other very difficult. The US Constitution’s guarantee of equal justice under the law for all citizens not only the individual’s rights to freedom and security, but also the protection of the rights of criminal suspects. Among these guarantees the protection from unreasonable search and seizure, the suspect’s right to decline to testify against himself/herself, the right to counsel, as well as protection from excessive bail and from cruel and unusual punishment. Supreme Court several rules to ensure the protection of these rights, which sometimes in a guilty suspect being released from charges. One of these rules the controversial exclusionary rule which from the trial any evidence gained by unlawful search and seizure. Sometimes the exclusion of evidence from a trial that some persons who clearly guilty go free because of a technicality.

_________________________

exclusionary rule – (амер.) правило о непринятии судом доказательств, полученных незаконным путем

DIALOGUE

Mark Tailor is a trainer and consultant based in Strasbourg. He works mainly in the fields of intercultural and human rights education and international project management.

Interviewer: Mark, When do you think it might be necessary for the state to kill?

Mark Tailor: Well,one of the key factors in the maintenance of a trusting relationship between the public and the police is the issue of safety. Threats to life have to be taken seriously. Preventing murders are vastly important police functions. Whenever possible, police officials are required to use peaceful means to keep order, but sometimes they have to use force or firearms in order to protect human lives and this, sadly, sometimes results in death.

Interviewer: Can you explain the term “absolutely necessary force”?

Mark Tailor: So,Police managers need to plan and operations in order to minimize the use of lethal force and the incidental loss of life. If force has to be used, then it has to be proportionate to the situation. The following factors should be taken into account:

- the nature of the aim pursued in the police operation;

- the perceived dangers to life and limb;

- the degree of the risk that the force employed might result in loss of life.

Interviewer: According to the European Court of Human Rights police management is responsible for the actions of subordinates, isn’t it?

Mark Tailor: Yes, that’s right. The key concepts “absolutely necessary” and “proportionate” are central in safeguarding the right to life.

Interviewer: And the last but not least question. What procedures must one follow if individuals are killed during a police operation?

Mark Tailor: Administrative procedures should ensure that clear records be kept of all such operations to enable investigations into the deaths and to find out if human rights have been respected by the police officials. These records are also important for police officers to protect themselves against wrongful accusations.

Interviewer: Thank you very much, Mr. Tailor, for explaining and clarifying some basic concepts of policing practice.

I. Work in pairs and answer the questions:

1. What is (are) the main function(s) of the police?

2. How do the police keep order and protect human rights?

3. What are police managers responsible for?

4. How do you understand such concepts as “absolutely necessary” and “proportionate”?

5. Why should administrative procedures be strictly followed by policemen?

II. Act out the shortened variant of the dialogue, learn it by heart.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14