Согласование времен.

Правило согласования времен используется в сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточными дополнительными, если в главном предложении глагол стоит в форме прошедшего времени. При этом для выражения одновременного действия в придаточном предложении сказуемое употребляется в форме Past Simple или Past Continuous.

He said (that) Peter worked at a bank.

Он сказал, что Петр работает в банке.

Если действие в придаточном предложении предшествует действию в главном, то сказуемое в придаточном предложении употребляется в Past Perfect (Past Perfect Continuous).

Nick said (that) he had learned French in school.

Ник сказал, что в школе изучал французский язык.

Для выражения будущего действия в придаточном предложении употребляется грамматическое время Future-in-the Past.

Ann said (that) she would be back the next week.

Анна сказала, что вернется на следующей неделе.

Упражнение 1.

Поставьте сказуемое в главном предложении в Past Simple и используйте правило согласования времен в придаточном предложении. Переведите предложения.

Образец: The boy says that he lives in this house. ---

--- The boy said that he lived in that house.

1. Marry says that she always wakes up early.

2. The teacher says that we may not use our notes during the exam.

3. She says that she has just come back from Paris.

4. The children say they did their homework an hour ago.

5. I know we will learn English next year.

6. She asks what I am doing.

7. Daughter asks if we will go to the Crimea.

Упражнение 2.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I thought he was having his training session.

2. We were not sure she had left a message.

3. The girl said she was afraid of dogs.

4. They knew their brother would win the competition.

5. Sally was certain she could solve the problem.

6. My friend asked me when I had returned to town.

7. Mother wondered what I was going to do in the evening.

The Passive Voice.

Страдательный залог.

В страдательном залоге глагол выражает действие, которое производится в отношении подлежащего, в отличие от действительного залога, где подлежащее само совершает действие.

Сказуемое строится по формуле: to be + V3 (Participle II), где вспомогательный глагол to be принимает форму, соответствующую лицу и числу подлежащего и времени предложения.

Перед существительным, обозначающем производителя действия, ставится предлог by.

The important treaty was signed by the heads of two states.

Важный договор был подписан главами двух государств.

В страдательном залоге также употребляются глаголы, требующие после себя предлога, т.е. употребляющиеся с предложными дополнениями. В этом случае предлог сохраняется после глагола.

This film is much spoken about. Об этом фильме много говорят.

The teacher was being looked at with great interest. На учителя смотрели с большим интересом.

Время \ Форма	Simple	Continuous	Perfect
Present	I am asked He, she, it is asked We, you, they are asked	I am being asked He, she, it is being asked We, you, they are being asked	I have been asked He, she, it has been asked We, you, they have been asked
Past	I, he, she, it was asked We, you, they were asked	I, he, she, it was being asked We, you, they were being asked	I, we, you they had been asked He, she, it had been asked
Future	I, we shall /will be asked He, she, it, you, they will be asked	-----	I, weshall/will have been asked He, she, it, you, they will have been asked
Future in the Past	I, weshould/would be asked He, she, it, you, they would be asked	-----	I, weshould/would have been asked He, she,it, you, they would have been asked

В страдательном залоге употребляются только объектные глаголы, т.е. те, после которых можно поставить дополнение.

Упражнение 1.

Переведите предложения. Поставьте их в отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

1. She is often asked such questions.

2. This letter is received the day before yesterday.

3. This exercise will be done in ten minutes.

4. The exercise is being done now.

5. The football match was being discussed when I came into the pub.

6. The sentence has just been translated.

7. The doctor had been sent for before I returned from the chemist’s.

8. Your dress will have already been made by next weekend.

9. This work can be done tomorrow.

10. This medicine should be taken three times a day.

Упражнение 2.

Замените в предложениях действительный залог страдательным.

1. Everybody will see this film soon.

2. The students are writing a test now.

3. Kate has just caught a beautiful butterfly.

4. Japan produces a lot of astonishing robots.

5. In 43 AD the Romans built a camp on the Thames.

6. I gave my old car to my son after I had bought a new one for myself.

7. Mother was cutting vegetables for salad when I entered the kitchen.

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