Task III. Complete the sentences.

1. After the industrial revolution, nineteenth-century Britain was …. 2. Britain’s main anxiety in its foreign policy was that Russia would try to expand southwards …. 3. … was made worse by 300 000 men from Britain’s army and navy who …. 4. … had suffered because of cheaper imported corn. 5. People tried to add to their food supply by …. 6. Between 1815 and 1835 Britain changed from … to …. 7. Tolpuddle became…. 8. By 1850 Britain was producing more iron …. 9. By the end of the century, Britain’s empire was …. 10. The aristocracy and the crown had …. 11. Britain’s strength was not in … but it lay instead in …. 12. The Lords feared that ….13. The government was saved ….14. The close family was the result …. 15. Most people did not … homes, but …. 16. While cricket was popular … it never had the same popularity ….17. Queen Victoria did not like the way in which power seemed …. 18. Peel’s actions were also evidence …. And this meant …. 19. Victoria succeeded in showing a newly industrialized nation that …. 22. A feeling of … grew into the Indian independence movement of the 20^th century. 21. In all countries, in India, Africa and elsewhere, Britain found itself involved in …. 22. Staying away from church was ….

Task IV. Explain the notions using the ideas of the book.

Property, martyrs, a cheap postal system, close family, localism, middle class,

industrialists, ‘slum’ areas, liberalism, national political pattern, ‘cooperative movement’, areas of interest, ‘Indian Mutiny’, civilization, ‘white culture’, home rule, redbrick.

Task V. Choose the correct date for each event.

a) 1914 1. The Lords accepted the Reform Bill.

b) 1832 2. A cheap postage system was introduced.

c) 1840 3. The first People's Charter was put forward.

d) 1829 4. A regular police force for London was established.

e) 1891 5. Queen Victoria came to the throne.

f) 1868 6. Free primary education was established.

g) 1870 7. Labor Exchanges were opened.

h) 1909 8. The power of the House of Lords was severely reduced.

i) 1911 9. Britain declared war on Germany.

j) 1837 10. The first congress of Trade Unions was held.

k) 1838 11. Two Education Acts were passed.

Task VI. Match the names of the people to the events or actions:

1. David Livingston a) was able to show that certainty of punishment was

far more effective than cruelty of punishment.

2. Robert Peel b) started a new religious movement, the Salvation Army.

3. Lord Palmerston c) became an increasingly popular symbol of Britain's

success in the world.

4. Queen Victoria d) was responsible for helping the Greeks achieve

their freedom from the Turkish Empire.

5. Lord Canning e) was known for liberalism in his foreign policy.

6. Adam Smith f) discovered areas of Africa unknown to Europeans.

7. William Booth g) realised the idea that everyone had the right to

personal freedom.

8. Robert Owen h) was one of the reformers, who gave his workers

shorter working hours.

i) abolished the unpopular Corn Law of 1815.

Task VII. Are the statements true or false? Correct the false ones.

1. Britain did its best to support Turkey against Russian expansion.

2. The cost of bread rose quickly. This lead to unemployment.

3. The idea of reform had been discouraged by the American War of Independence.

4. At first people were scared by blue-uniformed men in their top hats.

5. Britain imported cloth from India and the Middle East. It destroyed the local cloth industry, causing great misery.

6. Lord Palmerston wanted further political reform to take place.

7. As a result of falling prices and increased wages, poor families could afford travelling.

8. The Salvation Army had nothing to do with religion.

9. Industrialists had built the railways to transport people.

10. The white colonies were not allowed to govern themselves.

11. The poor went to church as the Church of England offered them help with the problems of their daily lives.

Task VIII. Answer the questions.

1.What caused the enormous rise in the population? 2.Which main things did Britain want in and outside Europe? How did it achieve the goals? 3.What guided Britain’s foreign policy in the 19^th century? 4.Why was there no longer a need for factory-made goods in 1815 and what was this situation fraught with? 5.What new laws were introduced in the 19^th century? 6.What severe punishment were people risking? 7.Why did the Lords accept the Reform Bill? 8.Why did the Reform Bill seem a political revolution? 9.What were the main aims of the worker’s unions? 10.Why was the escape of the middle classes to the suburbs considered to be logical? 11.When was an official population survey carried out for the first time and what did it show? 12.What can you say about the way Sir Robert Peel was holding the office? 13.What events in the British history were connected with the names of Simon Bolivar and Lord Canning? 14.When did a “two party” system start to develop in Britain and what did it result in? 15.What role did Disraeli play in the British politics? 16. How did the system of voting change in 1860s and 1880s? 17.What signs of the modern state and government were already seen in the 19th century? 18.What was a dangerous thing to do for Victoria? Why? 19.What helped Victoria become extraordinarily popular? 20. What were the reasons for disastrous wars and invasions in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Egypt? 21.What did the Boer War prove? 22.What were the reasons for creating colonies and what happened to the aborigines at those regions? 23. What event prepared the way from empire to the British Commonwealth of Nations? 24.What was the situation in Wales? Scotland? Ireland? 25. In what way did the life of the poor improve? 26.What important invention was connected with people's freedom? 27.What sports became of great interest to the British public in the 19^th century?

Task IX. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Вера Британцев в собственную значимость достигла апогея к середине 19 века. 2. Несмотря на свою мощь, Британия чувствовала нарастающее беспокойство по поводу соперничества со стороны Франции и Германии. 3. Новая полиция вскоре проявила себя как эффективное средство борьбы с преступностью. 4. Закрытые частные привилегированные средние учебные заведения для мальчиков ставили своей целью не только дать своим ученикам хорошее образование, но и стремились воспитывать в них лидеров, отрывая их от дома и создавая тяжелые условия жизни. 5. Пиль не хотел отмены Хлебных законов, т. к. они служили интересам землевладельцев-консерваторов, но ему пришлось признать, что власть среднего класса все больше нарастала по сравнению с властью дворян-консерваторов, владеющих земельной собственностью. 6. Кэннинг был прав в том, что независимая Греция будет более эффективным препятствием захвату со стороны России. 7. Палмерстон был твердо убежден, что деспотично настроенные государства мешают свободной торговле, и он открыто поддерживал европейские движения за свободу и независимость. 8. Будь они лучше организованы, они смогли бы выгнать британцев из Индии. 9. Британия обнаружила, что в результате завоеваний новых территорий появлялись новые опасности.

Task X. Outline briefly the key events characteristic of the 19^th century.

Task XI. Guess what outstanding person is meant and speak about this person, using the following words and phrases:

to be known for liberalism in foreign policy, free trade, to support openly, a good deal less liberal.

Task XII. Comment on …

1. The reasons you can see through for the distribution of population from 1086 to 1801. 2. The Whigs and Tories’ attitude to reform. 3. The attitude to family life in the 19th century.

Task XIII. Prove that…

1. Britain in the 19^th century was at its most powerful and self-confident. 2. Britain was in greater danger at home than abroad until 1850. 3. The general misery began to cause trouble. 4. The rich feared the poor. 5. Britain was the envy of the world for much of the 19^th century. 6. The Victorian age was a time of great social movement. 7. Victoria's long reign saw many changes in British institutions and the British "way of life". 8. Gladstone's view that the "foreign policy of England should always be inspired by a love of freedom" seemed to have little place in the colonies.

Task XIV. Do you agree that…?

1. changes should be made slowly but steadily; What do you think of “shock therapy” reforms?2. grown up children and their parents soon become almost strangers;3. “a woman should have the perfect equality of her sex to that of man”.

Task XV. Speak on …

1. The Trade Union Movement. 2. The wars Britain was involved in during the Victorian Age. 3. The changes in town life in social, economic and physical aspects.

Task XVI. Project work.

Imagine you live in the 19th century. Choose any outstanding person (Florence Nightingale, David Livingstone, Benjamin Disraeli, Lord Palmerston, Adam Smith, Robert Owen). Interview him/her on their life, activities and experiences.

Chapter VIII

The 20^th century

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14