Vocabulary notes

unconvicted prisoners – заключенные, которые находятся под следствием и не

являются осужденными

young offenders – несовершеннолетние преступники

reformatory – реформаторий (исправительное заведение для несовершенно-

летних преступников)

habitual offenders - рецидивист

disturb the peace – вызывать общественные беспорядки

life-sentence – пожизненное заключение

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the status of unconvincted prisoners'? What are their privileges?

2. What are the purposes of reformatories?

3. What is the most famous facility for young offenders?

4. What special programmes are established for women prisoners⁷

5. What additional rights do women prisoners have?

6. What are habitual offenders?

7. What are the most typical crimes committed by recidivists?

8. What is the severest penalty for the most atrocious crimes?

9. What kinds of 'lifers' are sentenced do the longest term of imprisonment?

10. How is life sentence typically reduced in Britain?

11. How are 'lifers' supervised when released?

Exercise 2. Are these statements false or true? Correct the false sentences.

Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Two thirds of the prison population consists of unconvicted prisoners held in custody and awaiting trial.

2. In Britain, young offenders are held in reformatories, which are designed for the treatment, training and capital punishment of youth.

3. Women are usually held in smaller prisons with special programmes.

4. All prisons provide, mother and baby units, which enable babies to remain with their mothers.

5. Criminals who have frequently been apprehended and convicted are referred to as habitual offenders.

6. The percentage of recidivists runs high for all offenders and it is greatest among those convicted of murder and rape.

7. Life sentences for offences other than murder can be reduced up to five years.

Exercise 3. Match the following English expressions with their Russia equivalents:

1. to stand bail for smb. a) явиться в суд

2. to accept/to allow/ to take (о выпущенном под залог)

bail for the prisoner b) быть отпущенным на поруки

3. to forfeit/ to jump one’s bail c) внести залог/поручиться за

4. to find bail кого-либо

5. release on bail d) найти себе поручителя

6. straw bail e) не явиться в суд

7. to surrender to one’s bail (об отпущенном под залог)

8. to be out on bail f) ненадежное (липовое)

9. to deny bail поручительство

g) освобождение под залог

h) отказать в поручительстве

i) отпустить арестованного на

поруки (под залог)

Exercise 4. Retell the text “Prison Inmates”.

Text 5 Prisoners' Rights

The idea that the prisoner has rights that may be protected by actions in the courts has been developed in Europe and the United States. In England, in the absence of a written constitution, prisoners resorting to the courts have relied on the general principles of administrative law, which require fair procedures by disciplinary bodies. Although many actions brought by prisoners have been unsuccessful, prison disciplinary procedures have been improved as a result of such litigation. In the U.S. actions brought under the provisions of the U.S. Constitution (notably the Eighth and the Fourteenth amendments) establish that prisoners are entitled to the protection of the Constitution. Early U.S. court decisions ruled that prisoners had forfeited all of the rights enjoyed by free citizens. Eventually, the courts recognized certain rights and legal remedies available to prisoners, who may now file their own suits, have direct access to the federal courts, and file writs of Habeas Corpus and mandamus. Under Habeas Corpus the prisoner may request release, transfer, or another remedy for some aspect of confinement. Mandamus is a command, issue by a court directing a prison administrator to carry out a legal responsibility — to provide a sick prisoner with medical care, for example — or to restore to the prisoner rights that have been illegally denied. Prisoners have sought remedies for many problems, including relief from unreasonable searches, release from solitary confinement, and the procuring of withheld mail. Recent decisions have indicated, however, that the courts are now willing to limit legal writs by prisoners in deference to the security requirements of the prison.

Amendment 8

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Amendment 14

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or, immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

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