Content review

Match the following words in column A with the corresponding information in column B.

B a. a set of cards b. a kind of typewriter c. transfer information from cards to tape or disk d. not linked to memory e. used if data is lost f. should be on-line g. storage medium h. connected to the computer i. found at the top of the card j. a computer typist

A

□ 1. off-line

□ 2. punched card

□ 3. card reader

□ 4. zone punch row

□ 5. on-line

□ 6. deck

□ 7. spooling

□ 8. keypunch operator

□ 9. keypunch

□ 10. backup system

Focus review

Focus G Time sequence

First complete the following table referring back to the text on

'Cards, Readers and Keyboards'.

TIME SEQUENCE MARKER	INFORMATION
1.	Punched cards were used on textile machinery
2.	The first application of punched cards for the representation of large amounts of data

Now re-order the following information so that the events appear in the same sequence as in the text. (Number the events 1-5.) Refer back to paragraphs 7 and 8 of'Cards, Readers and Keyboards'.

a. Once the information has been punched on the cards, they are ready to be read.

b. After this has been done, the information is read by a photosensitive light.

c. Information is usually entered on cards in the Hollerith code or some other code.

d. Modern card readers can read about 2,000 cards per minute.

e. The cards are then stacked in the card reader.

Focus J Giving an explanation or definition

In the following sentences, which were taken from the text on 'Cards, Readers and Keyboards', underline the part of the sentence which gives an explanation or a definition, then circle the term which is being explained or denned.

Example

Until the early 1960s, one of the most fre quently used de vices for providing input data to computer was the (punched card^)a major storage medium for computer programs and data.

1. Dr. Hollerith went on to found a company to produce these machines, which in 1924 became International Business Machines, or IBM for short.

2. The keypunch, which looked like a large typewriter, was not physically connected to the computer.

3. Cards could be used for storing binary information, with a hole representing 1, and a no hole, 0.

4. The card reader was actually attached to the computer by wires; hence it is on-line.

FOCUS K

Classifying

4. The CPU is made up of three parts: the control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and memory.

5. The CPU is composed of three parts: the control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and memory.

6. The CPU consists of three parts: the control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and memory.

The term 'classification' means to separate objects from one another. The simplest classification divides things into those that show groups of characteristics that are shared and those that are not. For example, one would not place fish and birds together in the same class with trees. Classification usually goes from general to specific and is essential in attempting to make sense out of things around us.

Classification, then, is a process of bringing order out of confusion by breaking down the general topic into its related parts in a logical way. Outlining is very closely related to classification, because it organizes information in a logical fashion, going from general to specific, or from least important to most important, or from specific to general.

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