Understanding the passage

Indicate whether the following ideas are stated or not stated (S/NS) in the text.

S NS

  1. The basic components of a computer cannot operate without commands from the control unit.

  2. Programs and data on which the control unit and the arithmetic-logical unit operate must be in internal memory in order to be processed.

  3. The control unit and the arithmetic-logical unit are part of the processor.

  4. The control unit directs the movement of information between the arithmetic-logical unit and main storage.

  5. Binary arithmetic is not performed by the control unit.

  6. There are more components to the arithmetic-logical unit than to the control unit.

  7. The arithmetic-logical unit does not always transfer the results immediately to memory.

  8. The arithmetic unit and the logical unit do not perform the same types of operations.

  9. The logical unit can decide whether a number is equal to, greater than or less than another number.

  10. Without the decision-making function, a computer would simply be a large adding machine.

Locating information

Find the passages in the text where the following ideas are expressed. Give the line references.

1. Registers are the most important parts of the arithmetic-logical unit.

2. The logical unit is responsible for comparing numbers.

3. Modern computers can perform hundreds of thousands of additions in a second.

4. The arithmetic unit does all the necessary calculations.
........... 5. The control unit has many different components with

different functions.
........... 6. The basic computer components can only respond to

commands from the control unit.
........... 7. The arithmetic unit can store results for a short time if

necessary.

Contextual reference

Look back at the text and find out what the words in bold typeface refer to.

1. In this way it controls the flow (1.5)............................

2. In this way it controls the flow (I. 5).............................

3. that temporarily holds the

instruction (7. 10)..................................

4. while it is being executed (I. 11)

5. necessary to carry it out (7. 13)

6. which while not a clock (7. 14)

7. Their purpose is to hold (/. 20)

8. until they can be transferred (7. 22)

9. which is used to carry out (7. 23)

10. which compares information (/. 28)

Understanding words

Refer back to the text and find synonyms for the following words.

1. orders (7. 2)

2. one after another (7. 8)

3. for a short time (I. 10)

4. time period (I. IS)

Now refer back to the text and find antonyms for the following words.

5. together (/. 8)..............................

6. build up (I. 12)...............................

7. haphazard (7. 75)................................

Word forms

First choose the appropriate form of the words to complete the sentences. Then check the differences of meaning in your dictionary.

1. response, respond, responded, responding

a. The arithmetic-logical unit........................... to commands from

the control unit.

b. The components of a computer system operate only in
to commands from the control unit.

2. decision, decide, decided, decidedly

a. The............................ to continue space exploration will cause a

lot of expense.

b. A programmer........................... what the computer is to do,

and without the program the computer cannot process the necessary information.

c. It cannot be........................... yet what success fibre optics will

have in computer technology.

3. distinguishing, distinguish, distinguishable, distinguished

a. A comma is not easily.......................... from a period on a

small CRT.

b. Computers have many.......................... characteristics that the

layman is unaware of.

c. An experienced programmer can......................... between a

Cobol statement and a Basic statement.

4. notice, noticed, noticeable, noticeably

a. Although computers are manufactured in different countries, it is

difficult to........................... any differences in the way they are

designed.

b. There should be a........................... improvement in your

English at this point in the course.

5. provision, provide, provided, provider

a. A programmer must........................... the computer with the

necessary data and instructions to execute the problem.

b. The............................ of a new and larger computer installation

will result in a better service to customers.

c. A programmer can operate a computer......................... he has

the proper training.

7a Content review Match the words in column A with the words or statements in column B.

A

1. counter

2. register

3. decoder

4. clock

5. binary arithmetic

6. control unit

7. arithmetic unit

8. logic unit

9. registers

10. arithmetic-logical unit

B

a. does the calculations necessary
to solve the problem

b. temporarily hold results before
transferring to memory

c. temporarily holds the
instructions

d. does the decision-making
operations

e. produces timing marks

f. does the calculations and
makes decisions to solve
problems

g. directs movement of
information between memory
and arithmetic unit

h. breaks down the coded

information to be handled i. based on 0 and 1 j. chooses the instructions
FOCUS H

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