Content review

Match the words in column A with the words or statements in column B.

A B

1. internal storage a. means any part of memory can be read equally quickly

2. real storage b. the information contained in the storage locations

3. random access

4. addresses c. are storage locations in internal

Contents storage

6. sequential access d, refers to memory

7. virtual storage e. hooking up secondary memory

devices onto memory to increase their capacity

f. sometimes called primary

memory

g. information must be read from
secondary memory devices in a
fixed pattern

Focus review

Focus H Giving examples

Complete the following table by referring back to the text on 'Primary

and Secondary Memory'.

PARA	ITEM(S) TO BE EXEMPLIFIED	EXAMPLE MARKER	EXAMPLE
[1]	quantities ofK
[4] a.		an example
[4]b.			magnetic disk
[4]c.	virtual storage

FOCUS I

Adding information

Similarity

Markers used to add information to show that it is similar to what was said before are:

There are many reasons why people read; but in an academic setting, reading is primarily done to get information on a particular subject. It is important to the reader to understand the relationship between the information given and the information which preceded it. Often information is presented in such a way as to suggest a reinforcement of what has been said, or to show a similarity to what has been said before.

When writers give explanations about something, they usually offer examples to support their argument in favour of a particular viewpoint. They may choose to present the information deductively, in which case a generalization is given first and then examples are given in support of the general statement or principle. Others prefer to provide examples first, and then make the generalization. This form of presentation is inductive.

equally*	similarly
likewise	correspondingly
in the same way
* occurs in initial	position

Examples

1. Microcomputers can have a storage capacity of up to 32K; likewise minicomputers.

2. Many minicomputers are used merely for a fixed application and run only a single program. Microcomputers operate in much the same way as is the case in automobile emission control systems.

Other markers or connectives used to add information explicitly, in the form of either reinforcement or similarity, are:

another

other additional

further

1 Reinforcement

The markers used to show reinforcement, whether in deductive or inductive organization, are:

furthermore	too	what is more
in addition	moreover	also*
as well as	additionally	again*
besides
* occurs in initial	position

Examples

1. In addition to their speed, computers are accurate and can do repetitive operations over and over again without becoming tired or bored.

2. Microcomputers are cheaper than mainframes, as well as being compact and portable.

Exercise 1

While reading the following text, circle the markers used to add information and underline the information that is being added.

Microcomputer technology is already being applied in areas that only a decade ago were impossible. One of these areas is in medicine and its related fields. For example, severely handicapped people with cerebral palsy, who have very little limb control, can now use the Blissterm, a computerized version of the 500-symbol Bliss system. Because of their handicap, these people can hear but can't respond. Now, with the Blissterm, it is possible to extend their skills.

In addition to the Blissterm, other devices have been designed to aid the handicapped who are confined to wheel-chairs and have no control, or virtually no control, of their limbs. A special microcomputer that responds to eye movement has been developed which, when attached to a wheelchair's mechanism, allows the person to move about independently. By opening and closing the eyes and blinking, the person can make the wheelchair start or stop; and when the eyes move left or right, so does the wheelchair. Similarly, there are other devices that have been developed to help severely handicapped people employ the limited use of their fingers or toes to type. Furthermore, such people

can now type with their eyes, by simply focusing on the letter to be typed. Attached to the eyeglasses is a small device that responds to the eye and transmits the signal to a typewriter. It takes time to write a letter this way, but it's better than not being able to write at all.

Again, another example of electronic development in computer technology, that has opened vast opportunities for the blind, is the voice box. Until now, people with heavily restricted vision have had to rely on Braille or sighted people to pick out mistakes on the computer screens or printouts. Now, errors shown on the screen are duplicated audibly through a voice synthesizer. This new simpler voice correction system is a boon to all visually-handicapped students, because computers are now being used more and more as an educational aid.

Exercise 2

Complete the following table by referring back to Unit 3, paragraph 5; Unit 6, paragraph 2; Unit 8, paragraph 1, and Unit 8, paragraph 4.

UNIT PARA	INFORMATION	MARKER	ADDITIONAL INFORMATION	TYPE OF ADDITION
[5]	expensive to run
6 [2]		moreover
[1]			minicomputers up to 32 bits
8 [4]				reinforcement

UNIT 12

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14