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a) () Economists say that a man is economically free if he can do what he wishes with his own property, time and energy.
b) () Governments usually require all individuals to conform to the laws which they make.
c) () Complete economic freedom doesn’t create many difficulties.
d) () Freedoms of various individuals may conflict.
e) () Economic laws are sometimes concerned with the wages and health of the employers.
f) ()These laws usually protect the interests of the workers but not the employers.
g) ()Government policy does not depend on the political and economic ideology of the country.
h) () Some ideologies are beneficial towards labour and others towards capital.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. Under what condition is a person economically free?
2. What do the governments require all citizens to do?
3. Why does complete economic freedom of action cause great difficulties?
4. What kind of economy may complete economic freedom create?
5. Whose interests do economic laws protect?
6. What does the government policy towards the employers or employees depend on?
3. Look through the text again and give Ukrainian/Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
in unsuitable places, system of control, places of work, to be beneficial towards employers, to create a very unstable economy, to conflict, relatively simple, government policy towards both employees and employers, to be economically free, to conform to the laws, to be concerned with, loss of production, one’s own property, time and energy, complete economic freedom.
4. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:
приймати закони, уся економіка країни, безробіття, складні обмеження, землевласник, робоча сила, людина, викликати великі труднощі, захищати інтереси працівників, суспільство, отримати першу платню, заробітна плата, примушувати працювати надто довго, здоров’я робітників, договір між, установлювати обмеження на особисту свободу.
5. Cross out an odd word:
a) wages / salary / payment / pensions
b) landowner / employee / factory-owner / employer
c) lead to / cause / influence / create
d) unemployment / central-planning / loss of production / instability
e) conform to / break / follow / obey
f) public / own / private / personal
g) agreement / contract / law / deal
6. Match the words on the left with the words on the right. The first has been done for you as an example:
  unstable
| places | To set upon | the laws |
| personal | limits | To create | one’s freedom |
| economic | individuals | To protect | limits |
| complex | economy | To exercise | instability |
| unsuitable | freedom | To cause | the interests |
| various | ideology | To conform to | difficulties |
7. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary:
a) People use their time and money … they wish.
b) Economic laws limit … people’s personal freedom.
c) Mr. Big offered me a job yesterday. -Did you agree? – No, I didn’t. The conditions he offered were beneficial … him but not me.
d) Factory-owners set limits … smoking in the production area.
e) Lawyers provide people …services.
f) Nowadays the contracts … employers and employees are very complex.
g) Department of Finance is concerned … wages and salaries.
h) A man can hardly do what he wishes … his property, time, and effort.
i) Why is he always conflicting … his parents? –They limit his freedom.
j) … the one hand a community makes people work too long, … the other hand it protects their interests.
8. In each of the sentences a word is missing. Provide a word or word combinations from the text:
a) Your actions may … great difficulties. Don’t you understand?
b) It’s absolute … the way he runs his business. Employees want to buy the company.
c) The laws should be … towards both employers and employees.
d) The company … towards its staff is very beneficial. Managers don’t … people work … long and they always receive their … in time.
e) Our CEO doesn’t … to the law. We didn’t get our first …. His position in the company is very ….
f) Contracts … limit … people’s ability to use their time, property and … as they ….
g) There is no … to the range of services that we provide.
9. Work in pairs. Spot mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:
a) Laws permit to build factories in unsuitable places.
b) Any person who can do what he wishes with his property, time and effort is completely free.
c) Economic stability can cause loss of production.
d) In most cases the government policy is beneficial towards employers.
e) You can feel secure in unstable economy.
f) Citizens are required to conform to those laws which protect their interests.
g) Contracts between employers and employees help to avoid conflicts about political and economic ideology of the country.
10. Paraphrase the following sentences, substituting the words from your active vocabulary for the underlined words:
a) An individual citizen who owns a factory may come into disagreement with people who work at his factory.
b) New regulations won’t do any good to the economy of the country.
c) Our points of view are very different. We didn’t manage to sign a written agreement.
d) Check that the machines meet the standards we found necessary.
e) Nobody pays attention to rules; there is an economic chaos in the country.
f) A period of economic growth and steadiness can’t create the situation when there aren’t enough jobs.
11. Rearrange the words to make up sentences:
a) The / us / beneficial / government / may / policy / be / to.
b) worker’s / Laws / wages / concerned / health / with / and / pensions / are.
c) freedom / great / difficulties / Complete / can / economic / cause /.
d) The / the / economy / of / of / the / upon / political / country depends / ideology / government/ whole/ very / much.
e) with / Private / freedom / provides / economic / enterprise / people.
f) freedom / Individual / choice / in / and / exercise / citizens / of / and action / the / Britain / US /economic.
g) to earn / People / free / a living / to / spend / how / and / how / are / to / choose / money.
12.a Make these words negative by adding the prefix un-.
EXAMPLE: stable → unstable
| a) economic | b) suitable | c) productive |
| d) important | e) usual | f) available |
| g) necessary | h) satisfactory |
12.b Using the list of adjectives above complete these sentences with the appropriate words in their negative forms:
a) When the price is less than the cost of producing them we say that goods are sold at … prices.
b) People don’t like working in … conditions.
c) The employers decided to close that factory because it was ….
d) The goods we wanted were … at the price which we could pay.
e) I think this area is entirely … for agriculture.
f) Try to avoid … expenses.
g) Compared with our need for food, clothes and shelter, some of our wants are quite ….
h) It was very … for him to come home at two or three in the morning.
13.a Make these words negative by adding the prefix in-.
EXAMPLE: stability → instability
a) active
b) secure
c) complete
d) dependent
e) definite
f) solvent
g) activity
h) security
13.b Using the list of adjectives above complete these sentences with the appropriate words in their negative forms:
a) Most nations like to be economically ….
b) Economic … causes unemployment.
c) The company my father works for turned out to be ….
d) If an economy becomes unstable, people begin to feel ….
e) We can use the … article with countable nouns.
f) Unfortunately your answer is ….
g) I’m afraid, I can’t help you. We are out of work at the moment. –How long are you going to be …?
h) Our department is working at a new project. It will help to reduce to a minimum financial ….
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