Classification of tools for electronic textbooks

Tools for electronic textbooks can be divided into groups, for example, using the complex criterion including such indexes, as assignment and executed functions, requirements to technical supply, feature of application. According to the specified criterion the following classification is possible:

• traditional algorithmic languages;

• work benches of general purpose;

• means of a multimedia;

• hypertext and means hypermedia;

Features and the short review of each of the selected groups are given below. As technical basis IBM compatible computers, as the most widespread in our country and available schools means further.

Traditional algorithmic languages

Characteristic features of the electronic textbooks created by means of direct programming:

• variety of styles of implementation (color palette, interface, EU structure, method of submission of a material, etc.);

• complexity of modification and attending;

• big expenses of time and labor input;

• absence of hardware constraints, i.e. possibility of creation of EU oriented on technical basis available in existence.

Work benches of general purpose

The Work Benches of General Purpose (WBGP) are intended for EU creation by users by the not being qualified programmers. ISON applied in case of design of EU, as a rule, provide the following opportunities:

• EU structure formation;

• input, editing and formatting of the text (text editor);

• preparation of static illustrative part (the graphic editor);

• preparation of dynamic illustrative part (sound and animation fragments);

• connection of the executed modules implemented using other development tools, etc.

It is necessary to carry to advantages of work benches of general purpose:

• possibility of creation of EU persons who aren't the qualified programmers;

• essential abbreviation of labor input and periods of development of EU;

• low requirements to computers and software.

At the same time ISON have a row of shortcomings, such as:

• far not friendly interface;

• smaller, in comparison with a multimedia and hypermedia systems, opportunities;

• absence of possibility of creation of programs of distant training.

In our country there is a set of domestic ISON: Adonis, Aosmikro, Scenario, Thesis, Integrator, etc.

Multimedia

Even before appearance of new information technology experts, having carried out a set of experiments, revealed dependence between a method of assimilation of a material and ability to recover the gained knowledge some a time later. If the material was sound, the person remembered about 1\4 of its volumes. If information was provided visually – about 1\3. In case of an influence combination (visual and acoustical) storage increased to a half and if the person was involved in the active actions in the course of study, comprehensibility of a material raised to 75%.

So, the multimedia means combining of several methods of submission of information - the text, still images (figures and photos), moving images (animation and video) and a sound (digital and MIDI) - in an interactive product.

Audio information includes the speech, music, audio effects. The most important issue thus is the information volume of the carrier. In comparison with audio video information is represented considerably a large number of used elements. First of all, elements of a static video series which can be divided into two groups here enter: graphics (the drawn images) and photo. Different figures, interiors, surfaces, characters belong to the first group in a graphic mode. To the second - photos and the scanned images.

The dynamic video series practically always consists of sequences of static elements (frames). Here three standard elements are selected: normal video (about 24 photos in a second), quasi video (6-12 photos a second), animation. Video series use as a part of the multi environment assumes the decision considerably bigger number of problems, than audio use. Among them the most important are: resolution capability of the screen and quantity of flowers, and also information volume.

Characteristic difference of a multimedia of products from other types of information resources is noticeably the bigger information volume therefore now the main carrier of these products is the optical disk of CD ROM with a standard capacity of 650 Mb. For professional applications there is some other devices (the CD Worm, the CD Rewriteable, the DVD, etc.), however they have very high cost.

1.8 Hypertext and means hypermedia

The hypertext is a method of non-linear submission of a text material in case of which in the text there are somehow selected words having a binding to certain text fragments. Thus, the user not simply goes through in the order of the text page, it can deviate the linear description according to any link, i.e. itself controls process of output of information. In hypermedia to system as fragments images can be used, and information may contain the text, a graphics, video fragments, a sound.

Use of hypertext technology meets such requirements imposed to textbooks, as structuredness, convenience in the address. If necessary such textbook can be "laid out" on any server and it can be adjusted easily. But, as a rule, the unsuccessful design, configuration, structure, etc. are peculiar to them.

Now there is a set of different hypertext formats (HTML, DHTML, PHP, etc.).

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16