Obligation, necessity, duty (in all types of sentences)

We must help him.

We must not help him, he is grown up enough.

Must we help him?

Prohibition

You must not walk on the grass.

Emphatic advice, invitation

You mustn't miss that chance!

You must come to see our new flat.

Something unavoidable

Sooner or later every man must die.

Supposition bordering on assurance (очевидно, вероятно, должно быть)

She is very pale, she must be ill.

They must still be waiting for us.

He must have gone.

She must have been sleeping when you phoned her.

Note 1. In this meaning must is not used in the negative form. The negation is expressed lexically or the words probably, evidently are used:

He must have failed to come.

Probably he hasn't some.

Note 2. In this meaning must is not used with reference to the future:

Должно быть, они придут завтра. – Evidently they will arrive tomorrow.

Note 3. must be going is a set phrase.

Exercises

Exercise 18. Analyse the meanings of must. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. "And you must see my two little girls. They've gone to the Tuileries Gardens, but they ought to be in soon." (S.M.) 2. … if a butler is to be of any worth to anything or anybody in life, there must surely come a time when he ceases his searching. (K.I.) 3. "Very well, if you must be rushing off, I shall just tell you that I accepted my acquaintances' proposal." (K.I.) 4. She had good features and she must have been nice-looking once. (S.M.) 5. In these circumstances Elliott felt that he must remain in America until things were straightened out. (S.M.) 6. "That must have been what my mother meant," Miller said at length. (F.F.) 7. "You mustn't work yourself up," I said. (A.Chr.) 8. "The War Department must have given me the wrong number," she whimpered. (F.S.F.) 9. "We must not disguise from you, sir, that there is a want of power in Her Grace the Duchess." (Ch.D.) 10. But in her opinion one liked Mr. Ramsay all the better for thinking that if his little finger ached the whole world must come to an end. (V.W.) 11. I must have been crying because of Rachael's not being sorry to part with me. (Ch.D.) 12. The neat flower beds in the pictures must have disappeared years before. (D.S.) 13. On the road lay the corpse, covered in its white sheet. It must have taken great courage for the boy to move at all. (K.B.P.) 14. But the pictures they had looked at must have been taken fifty years before. (D.S.) 15. So I told him that I must have been crying, because of my godmother's death… (Ch.D.) 16. I plead nothing. I must never be forgiven for what I did. (E.S.) 17. To get the most out of life we must be tough-minded optimists, practical and realistic. (N.I.)

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