A) two types of combinability with other words

So it is typical of the noun to get the prepositional combinability with another noun, a verb, an adjective, an adverb. (an entrance to the house; to turn round the corner; red in the face; far from its destination.) and the casal (possessive) combinability (the speech of the President — the President's speech; the cover of the book — the book's cover)

b) the functions in a sentence.

As matter of fact the noun may be used in very different functions in a sentence. So it may be seen as

1) THE SUBJECT: — The night was very dark.

2) THE SUBSTANTIVAL PREDICATIVE —: His father was a miner.

3) THE OBJECT: The Soviet industry has given the coal cormbine to the miner

Uranium can be produced from thorium

4) THE ATTRIBUTE Have you any laboratory experience?

5) THE MODIFIER:

Не walked back slowly into the room. Он медленно вернулся в комнату.

By transformations shifting the noun from various non-subject syntactic positions into subject syntactic positions of the same general semantic value, which is impossible with other parts of speech.

Mary is a flower-girl. — The flower girl is Mary.

I read a book to the children in the evening. — A book was read…

He lives in Glasgow — Glasgow is a place for him to live

CONCLUSIONS:

1. The noun is the main nominative part of speech, effecting nomination of the fullest value within the framework of the notional division of lexicon.

2. The general characteristics of a noun is presented by three classical criteria.

So by its meaning the noun denote the substance,

by its formal characteristics it has the following categories:

the category of gender,

the category of number,

the category of case

the category of determination.

By syntactical criterion it may have

two types of combinability with other words (the prepositional and the casal combinability)

different functions in a sentence(subject, object, modifiers, attribute, substantival predicate)

3. There are two approaches to the nounal classifications:

v based on one criterion (either semantical or morphological)

v based on two criteria. (semantical+ morphological)

This approach allow to determine the principals of nounal classification

ü type of nominatation

ü form of existence

ü personal quality

ü qualitative structure

ü form of presentation

4. There are two ways of expressing gender in English:

ü grammatically (by sex determined pronouns and suffixes)

ü semantically (sex-indicators, nominal pairs)

5. There are two oppositions based on the category of gender

ü human –non-human (SM- human)

ü masculine — feminine (SM — feminine)

6. There are three oppositions based on the category of number:

ü singular-plural (SM — plural)

ü productive- non productive way of the producing the plural form (SM — productive)

ü singularia tantum — pluralia tantum (SM — pluralia tantum)

7. The absolute singular is expressed by The absolute plural is expressed by

ü singularia tantum

ü the countable nouns in the meaning of

some abstract idea

ü pluralia tantum

ü collective nouns in the meaning of “plural multitude”

ü the plural form of uncountable nouns in the meaning of “descriptive plural”

ü the singular form of countable nouns in the meaning of “repetition plural:

APPENDIX 1

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