Употребление местоимений

	Личные местоимения	Притяжательные местоимения	Указательные местоимения	Вопросительные местоимения	Неопределенные местоимения	Возвратные местоимения	Относительные местоимения
Подлежащее	I see a boy			Who is it?	There is some-thing on the table		I see a boy who is drawing
Дополнение	The boy sees me			Whom do you see there?	I see something on the table	I see myself in the mirror
Определение		The boy took my book	The boy took this book	Whose book is it?	There are some books on the shelf
Именной член составного именного сказуемого	It’s I (me)	This book is mine

EXERCISES

Exercise 117.Use pronouns instead of nouns.

1. At Christmas ____ (friends) often give Mary presents. 2. ____ (Mary) likes her friends. 3. I’ve got a tortoise. I feed ____ on vegetables. 4. ____ (the bird) is singing lovely. 5. We feel so lonely, please, stay with ____. 6. ____ (my sister and I) don’t like to walk our dog. 7. ____ (the boy) overslept this morning and didn’t have time to have breakfast. 8. Who’s speaking? It’s ____, Ann. 9. May I give ____ a good piece of advice? Spend more time with ____ son. You can help ____ much. 10. ____ (Dad and Mom) went to see ____ friends. 11. Where are my glasses? Has anybody seen ____? 12. ____ (your brother and you) spend too much time playing football. 13. Is Jane at home? Can I speak to ____? 14. The hole on your pullover is getting bigger. You should mend ____. 15. ____ (you and I) are good friends, aren’t ____? 16. Mrs. Smith went home because ____ was tired.17. Poor old England! I don’t suppose I shall ever see ___ again! 18. If ___ see a giraffe once a year ___ remains a spectacle; if ___ see ___ daily, ___ becomes part of the scenery.

Exercise 118. Use the right pronoun:

A. 1. Kate and (I, me) work together. 2. We spent our holiday together with (them, they). 3. My sister and (I, me) are good friends. 4. It's (he, him). 5. (She, her) writes to (he, him) every day. 6. (We, us) enjoy playing tennis. 7. Will you give (her, she) and (I, me) some help? 8. Helen and (they, them) are next-door neighbours.

B. 1. (My, me) aunt Susan is (my, me) mother's sister. 2. (Our, us) relatives are coming to see (our, us) today. 3. Tell (them, their) about it. 4. Is this (you, your) dog? There is something wrong with (it, its) ear. 5. Ask (him, his) if it's (him, his) car. 6. George and Carol are having (them, their) lunch. 7. He gave (me, my) (him, his) photograph in which I couldn't recognize (him, his). 8. We were surprised to see (them, their) on the platform, they also came to meet (our, us).

Exercise 119. Use the necessary form of the pronoun in the objective case.

1. She gave _____ the book and asked to return _____ to _____ next week. 2. Are you going to invite _____ to your party? She is such a bore! 3. My parents are coming to see _____ on Saturday. I like to spend my weekend with _____. 4. I didn't like the film. I don't want to speak about _____. 5. We'll be very happy if you go on a trip with _____. 6. Don't ask _____ this question. I don't know how to answer _____. 7. If she doesn't arrive tomorrow, send _____ a telegram. 8. I'm sorry to trouble _____, but I want _____ to do _____ a favour. 9. Let's not wait for _____, they are always late. 10. Do you want _____ to do it for _____? I don't mind _____.

Exercise 120. Use personal or possessive pronouns in the right form:

A. 1. The girls are here, _____ came early. 2. When Roger saw Ann, _____ spoke to _____. 3. The boss left an hour ago. I didn't see _____. 4. Sam met Ann at the entrance, _____ showed _____ the pictures. 5. The Browns have moved into a new flat.. _____ gave _____ _____ new address, so I can visit _____. 6. Jane is _____ sister. _____ is older than _____ am. 7. Thank _____ for the book _____ gave _____, _____ is very interesting. 8. _____ flat is on the third floor, _____ windows face the sea. 9. I invite _____ to a party at _____ place. _____ hope _____ will bring _____ husband with _____. 10. _____ like to visit _____ friends who live not far from _____ house. 11. Mary and _____ cousin are spending _____ holidays in Brighton. _____ have both visited before. 12. Bill takes _____ guitar lesson on Monday. _____ is the only day _____ is free after college. 13. I am happy that _____ cat found _____ kitten.

B. 1. Has anyone had _____ coffee? 2. No one had _____ watch on. 3. Has anyone left _____ raincoat behind? 4. Everybody took _____ turn. 5. Anybody can take _____ book home. 6. Something alive just poked _____ nose out of that hole. 7. Each of the girls was in _____ place.

Exercise 121. Change the sentences according to the model:

Model: This is her book. − This book is hers.

1. This is my house. 2. These are my dogs. 3. This is his car. 4. These are his sons. 5. This is your room. 6. These are your rooms. 7. This is our office. 8. These are our cups. 9. This is their garden. 10. These are their flowerbeds.

Exercise 122. Give the correct variant in each sentence.

1. Their / Theirs son is very lazy. 2. This is not my / mine book. It’s your / yours. 3. Our / Ours teachers are very nice. And theirs / their? 4. Anna doesn’t collect CDs – this CD isn’t her / hers, it’s her / hers sister. 5. Whose guitar is this? - It’s mine / my! 6. This is my / mine book. 7. Her / Hers is the old bike. 8. This computer is our /ours. 9. Your / Yours friend is very shy. 10. Is this football their / theirs? 11. My / Mine father works in an art gallery. 12. Whose work is this? – It’s hers / her.

Exercise 123. Translate into English.

1.Мне жарко. 2. Вы сообщили им эту новость? 3. Отдай ему его ручку. Он любит писать только ею. Она всегда с ним. 4. Помогите мне, пожалуйста. 5. Мы пригласили их пожить с нами на нашей даче. 6. Вы бывали у них? 7. Это не моя комната. У меня нет своей. 8. Вы долго ждали нас? 9. Их коттедж не кирпичный, их – деревянный. 10. Отправь ее в ее комнату. 11. Позовите его к телефону. 12. Им хочется побывать в Париже. 13. Расскажите мне о Лондоне. 14. Это не его ключ, а ее. 15. Какой у тебя адрес? 16. Его никогда нет дома. 17. Посмотри на этого ежа. Его колючки похожи на иглы. 18. Я прочитала ваши сочинения. Твое, Сережа, мне очень понравилось. Я поставила тебе пять.19. Ее дядя был ректором университета. – И мой тоже. 20. Он был на два года старше меня и моей подруги.

Exercise 124. Insert the necessary pronouns.

1. She washed ____ hands and face. 2. We invited Liz to stay with ___ in ___ house. 3. – Do you know that man? - Yes, ___ know ___. 4. That is his book. Give ___ to him. 5. Peter likes to eat. ___ breakfast is always big. 6. The bag is heavy. What is there in ___? 7. Look at ___! ___ are playing like kids. 8. – Are ___ a teacher? – No, ___ am not. 9. They live in the country. ___ house isn’t big, but ___ is comfortable. 10. Jeans always stay in fashion. People like ___. 11. She is mad about ___ car. She spends hours washing ___. 12. Pubs are an important part of life in Britain, but ___ aren’t open to everyone. 13. – Can ___ help ___? – Yes, please, ___ would like a pair of shoes. 14. That butterfly looks like a flower. Aren’t ___ wings wonderful? 15. What’s ___ phone number? Can ___ phone ___? 16. We know ___ well. They are friends of ___. 17. Give me ___ photo and I’ll give you ___.

Exercise 125.Choose the appropriate form of the possessive pronoun.

1. I went (my, mine) way and she went (her, hers). 2. He left (her, hers) with (their, theirs) child. 3. What was this experiment of (your, yours)? 4. He slipped (his) arm in (her, hers). 5. From this point (their, theirs) story comes in two versions, (my, mine) and (her, hers). 6. The Minister’s room was only two doors from (my, mine). 7. “That thought is not (my, me, mine),” he said to himself quickly. 8. Where’s (your, yours) seat? I shall go to (mine, my). 9. You have chosen (your, yours) part, we have chosen (our, ours). 10. His nature was harder than most of (theirs, their).

Exercise 126. Point out the reflexive and emphatic pronouns. Translate the sentences into Russian / Ukrainian.

1. Robert set himself four drawings a week. 2. Louise himself is a nice fellow – so modest and amiable. 3. James himself had given him his first brief. 4. She had taught Polly to speak French like herself. 5. There was a frame and in it a photograph of herself as a little girl. 6. They themselves were longing to ask Soames how Irene would take the result. 7. His eyes reconcentrated themselves quickly on the button-hook. 8. I’ll see him myself tomorrow. 9. If June didn’t like this, she could have an allowance and live by herself. 10. She wrote the words to those melodies herself. 11. I thought to myself that it was always the same way. 12. I thought what a pretty girl she was herself. 13. His friendship with Michael, begun in hospital, had languished and renewed itself suddenly.

Exercise 127. Use reflexive pronouns:

1. It is easy to translate this text. I can do it _____. 2. My brother is only three years old. But he can wash and dress _____. 3. Who made such a beautiful dress? − I have made it _____. 4. He _____ can't believe that he took the first place. 5. You can make a cup of coffee for _____. 6. Don't worry about us. We can take care of _____. 7. Who told you they got married? − Helen _____. 8. The taxi didn't come and we had to carry our heavy luggage _____. 9. She looked at _____ in the mirror and was satisfied. 10. She learnt English _____. 11. The knife is very sharp. Don't cut _____. 12. The play _____ was interesting but the acting was poor.

Exercise 128. Insert the proper reflexive pronoun.

1. “Sit down, Peter,” she said, seating ____ in a chair opposite him. 2. The boat was expected between the 8^th and 10^th of August. I allowed ____ to sit gazing out to sea in the hope that it would appear before time. 3. At 2 o’clock I was cooling ____ in the lake. 4. The butler ____ opened the door, and closing it softly, detained Soames on the inner mat. 5. “My God!” thought Jolyon; “Soames ____! What is he up to now?” 6. Timothy’s eyes left the fly, and leveled ____ on his visitor. 7. You even called ____ by your real name. 8. Tom ____ is a nice fellow – so modest and polite. 9. And since Scarlett had married and moved into her own house, she had been generosity ____. 10. She opened the door to him ____. 11. You can speak to him ____. 12. They ____ wanted to ask Soames how Irene would take the result. 13. I thought what a pretty girl she was ____. 13. I thought to ____ that it was always the same way. 14. She had taught Holly to speak French like ____. 15. I’ll see him ____ tomorrow. 16. I closed the door behind ____. 17. All day the children were beside ____ from excitement. 18. I ____ married early, and nothing good came of it. 19. Why is she sitting all by ____ in the dark? 20. We enjoyed ____ at the dance.

Exercise 129. Use reflexive or personal pronouns:

1. He is very selfish. He only thinks of _____. 2. Look be­hind _____! You've dropped something. 3. When she came to _____ she found _____ on the hospital bed. 4. It was so dark that we could hardly see anything in front of _____. 5. Take care of _____. Don't work too hard. 6. I don't like anybody to do my work instead of _____. 7. It's cold. Close the door behind _____. 8. I always keep this dictionary in front of _____ on my desk.

Exercise 130. Use for, to, by where necessary with the reflexive pronouns:

1. I read the letter _____ first and then gave it to my mother. 2. Mary doesn't like noisy companies. She prefers to stay _____. 3. Did she go on holiday _____? 4. If you don't believe me you can come and see it _____. 5. I saw this programme on TV _____. 6. The suitcase was too heavy for me to carry it _____. 7. I took the opportunity to talk to him seeing that he was _____. 8. I heard this news on the radio _____. 9. I'll tell you this story and then you can judge it _____. 10. "This girl is quite beautiful," he thought _____ but said nothing.

Exercise 131. Read this article about self-talk. Underline the reflexive pronouns once and the reciprocal pronouns twice. Tell the word that each pronoun refers to.

Exercise 132. Translate into English:

1. Это не мой учебник, мне нужен мой. 2. Один мой друг знает десять языков. 3. Отец сказал своему сыну: «Эта машина твоя, можешь пользоваться ею». 4. − Кто там? − Это я. 5. Не забудь взять свой зонтик. Я тебе свой не дам. 6. Посмотри на себя в зеркало. Ты очень бледная. 7. Он сам знал наш ад­рес. 8. Что ты собираешься взять с собой в поездку? 9. − Он на вечере был со своей женой? − Нет, он один. 10. Судите сами, кто из них прав. 11. − Он оста­вил свой ключ в комнате. − У меня есть свой. 12. Она вышла и забыла закрыть за собой дверь. 13. Я порезался острым ножом. 14. Она поставила перед собой кофе и начала читать утреннюю газету. 15. Он не смог сам починить телевизор и попросил своего друга (сделать это). 16. Он не только сам пришел, но и привел с собой всех своих родственников. 17. Я верю тому, что слышу своими ушами. 18. Сначала прочитайте текст про себя. 19. Они очутились в незнакомом месте. 20. Она видела это своими собствен­ными глазами.

Exercise 133. Tom and Sara’s company held an office party. Choose the correct reflexive or reciprocal pronouns to complete the conversations.

Exercise 134. George Prudeau is a high school French teacher. Complete his talk to a group of new teachers. Use reflexive and reciprocal pronouns

Exercise 135. Read this woman’s diary. Find and correct seven mistakes in the use of reflexive and reciprocal pronouns. The first mistake is already corrected.

Exercise 136. Translate into English.

1. Я сама увижу его завтра. 2. Я могу вам дать свою собственную фотографию. 3. Затем ей самой захотелось что-то сделать. 4. “Будет скандал”, – пробормотал Джеймс как будто сам себе. 5. Она себя не понимала. 6. Если он занят, я могу пойти на танцы одна. 7. Вернись, мой мальчик, и закрой дверь. Двери сами не закрываются, не правда ли? 8. Вы можете слышать себя повсюду, куда бы вы не поехали. 9. Он удивлялся самому себе. 10. Они предпочитали пить чай одни, а после чая играли в шахматы. 11. В тот вечер она была сама доброта. 12. Были такие моменты, когда ему было чрезвычайно жалко самого себя. 13. Им всегда нравилась песня “Катюша”. 14. Он страшно упрекал (reproach with) себя за свое поведение в тот вечер. 15. Когда она была готова, она посмотрела в зеркало. 16. Он взобрался на дерево и увидел квадратную вершину горы. 17. Он часто разговаривал сам с собой. 18. В тот вечер они должны были обедать одни. 19. Кофе был готов. Она налила себе чашку и села за стол. 20. На столе стояла ее детская фотография.

Exercise 137. Insert each other or one another.

1. The old couple looked at ____. 2. They were red in the face and found looking at ____ for a moment. 3. The rest of us looked at ____ in amazement. 4. Joan and Roy spoke to ____ only about the game. 5. For the next three days neither Philip nor they spoke to ____. 6. The two boys faced ____. 7. The two girls leant towards ____ and spoke in tones audible to no one else. 8. The two families don’t know ____. 9. The two stood gazing at ____ for a minute in silence. 10. And for a moment they all three stood silently looking at ____. 11. The twins looked at ____ glumly. 12. For a moment nothing was said. And then Simmon and Ralph suddenly smiled at ____. 13. These three ladies disliked and distrusted ____. 14. They sat opposite ____, as they had so often sat before. 15. The twins, still sharing their identical grin, jumped up and ran around ____.

Exercise 138. Insert both in its proper place.

1. We are wounded a little. 2. We can’t stay here together. 3. “Will you be silent?” said Eleanor. 4. They are in their last year in Cambridge. 5. They remained there laughing and talking until 2.30. 6. You see, they are old. 7. They paused. 8. They have been waiting for an hour. 9. We were determined to play tennis. 10. They want you to come there presently and stay.

Exercise 139. Insert all in its proper place.

1.“Were they together?” said Eleanor. 2. They seemed clever. 3. We thought we were progressing – now we know we’re only changing. 4. I don’t care what people say, they can’t be bad. 5. The meetings have been in public places. 6. They were very happy. 7. His father and his uncles had complained of liver. 8. It’s very boring. 9. They would be so happy there. 10. “We have done that,” said Regan, rapidly blinking her eyes.

Exercise 140. Read part of a student’s essay. Find and correct six mistakes in the use of adjective clauses. The first mistake is already corrected.

Exercise 141. Read each pair of sentences. Use a relative pronoun to combine them into one sentence.

Exercise 142. Read this student’s essay. Find and correct nine mistakes in the use of adjective clauses with object relative pronouns. The first mistake is already corrected.

Exercise 143. Read each pair of sentences. Use a relative pronoun, when, or where to combine them into one sentence.

THE ARTICLE

АРТИКЛЬ

Артикли в английском языке – это слова, которые употребляются только с именами существительными или со словами, перешедшими в разряд существительных – т.е. субстантивированными частями речи.

Артикли передают значение определенности или неопределенности имени существительного. Выбор артикля перед существительным зависит от:

1) значения самого сущ. (абстрактное или конкретное, имя собственное или нет и т. д.); 2) исчисляемости или неисчисляемости сущ.;

В зависимости от этого существует 3 основных случая употребления артиклей в английском языке:

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16