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Числительные, обозначающие дроби
Такие числительные имеют составную форму – сочетание количественного и порядкового числительных, где последнее употребляется как существительное:
E.g. ½ a half 1/10 a/one tenth
¼ a quarter 7/10 seven tenths
1/5 a/one fifth 2/3 two thirds
3/6 three sixths 3/5 three fifths
1 ½ one and a half 2 1/3 two and a third
3 ¾ three and three quarters
Десятичные дроби имеют следующее выражение:
E.g. 1,62 one point six two
8,04 eight point nought four
10,92 ten point nine two
Цифра 0 имеет несколько форм в английском языке:
1. nought - используется в математике.
E.g. 0.7 nought point seven
.07 point nought seven
2. zero - используется в науке, например, при обозначении температуры.
E.g. -15 C minus 15 degrees / 15 degrees below zero
3. o (oh) -используется в телефонных номерах.
E.g. 01-500-3026 oh-one-five-double oh- three-oh-two-six
4. nil / nothing - используется в спорте для обозначения счета игры.
E.g. 2:0 the score is two nothing or two nil.
Порядок слов в предложениях с числительными.
1. Как количественные, так и порядковые числительные стоят перед существительным (а также любым прилагательным, его определяющим).
E.g. There are two red cars outside the house.
That’s the first interesting thing you’ve said today.
2. Как количественные, так и порядковые числительные следуют за другими словами-определителями.
E.g. Those two red cars shouldn’t be there.
A third red car has pulled up outside the house.
Someone is getting out of the third red car!
3. Порядковые числительные стоят перед количественными в одном предложении.
E.g. The first two cars were empty.
EXERCISES
Exercise 95. Use the correct form of the numeral in the brackets.
1. There are (5) roses in the vase. 2. It was his (2) visit to the doctor. 3. There are (10) students in this group. 4. It’s (6) o’clock already. 5. It is (7) of December today. 6. Read text (2). 7. Find (3) sentence. 8. She is (21) today. 9. It is their (15) wedding anniversary. 10. (2) years passed quickly. 11. –Will you have (2) cup of tea? –No more, thank you. 12. You are like (2) family for me. 13. (2) is a company and (3) is a crowd. 14. (3) years later (4) child was born to him. 15. Find file (4) and take it to (14) room. 16. They got flat (6) on (3) floor in house (40). 17. My birthday is on (20) of July.
Exercise 96. Give the right form of the figures in brackets in letters.
1. My birthday is on ______ of ______. 2. They got flat (40) on (5) floor in house (123). 3. Find file (11) and correct (2) sentence. 4. Catherine (2) put a monument to Peter (1) in St. Petersburg. 5. − What's the date today? − It's ______ of ______today. 6. Read (3) paragraph. 7. My son is (21) today. 8. They are celebrating their (25) anniversary on Saturday. 9. Take (1) turning to the right. 10. You'll find text (12) on (30) page. 11. We live on (6) floor. 12. Is (2) o'clock all right with you? 13. There are more than (200) languages spoken in Nigeria. 14. A (1000) is a (1000) years. 15. In the jungle we were attacked by (1 000 000) of mosquitoes. 16. If you need money badly, we can give you a loan of (200) dollars. 17. Will you give me (2) chance? 18. (2) song will certainly become a hit. 19. He was said to have salted away (4 000 000) dollars. 20. There are (300) kinds of macaroni in Italy. 21. Statistics say that more than (4 000 000) adults in Britain have trouble with reading and writing.
Exercise 97. Insert the right article if necessary.
1. Today in court we are listening to ______ case 243. 2. ______ second part of the book was much more interesting than ______ first one. 3. ______ participle one is used for building up progressive tenses. 4. ______ second participle is used to build up Passive forms. 5. ______ flight 579 starts at five sharp. 6. The planes came again for ______ second attack. 7. Let's regard it as ______ first step, just ______ beginning. 8. It was ______ first-night and the actors were nervous. 9. ______ exercise 27 begins at ______ page 44. 10. ______ year passed, then ______ second, and ______ third, but there was still no news. 11. They agreed to meet on ______ Fifth Avenue near ______ building No. 128. 12. ______ two years in Africa taught him a lot. 13. ______ flat 55 is on ______ fifth floor. 14. The room was at ______ sixes and sevens. 15. This style was in fashion in ______ eighties. 16. It was ______ fifty-fifty deal. 17. She was ______ third-year medical student.
Exercise 98. Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the words in bold type.
1. She is a second cousin of Mark's father. 2. He was quite certain she had no need or desire to meet with him a second time. 3. Edvina returned to her book without giving her mother a second glance or a second thought. 4. It's said that everything goes in threes. 5. And then, to be a second wife was so much more difficult than to be a first. 6. I'm glad they've gone to Venice for a second honeymoon. 7. He was heavily defeated in a second round of local elections. 8. In the bookshop to his delight Maxim spotted a copy of "The Young Lions" by Irwin Shaw, his favourite writer. It was a first edition, published in 1948. 9. Over the years I have acquired a sixth sense about my mother's mood. 10. Is it possible to find a second job? 11. A third clerk left her desk and prepared to leave. 12. Without a second thought Blackie said urgently, "I have a solution, Emma! Marry me!" 13. The boy slopped through the ledge on all fours. 14. I think it's better this way, that we go out in twos and threes − less noticeable, for one thing. 15. I was worried. Everything seemed to be at sixes and sevens. 16. I began, as they say, to put two and two together. 17. A first class college offers you the highest standards of educating. 18. Elevenses is a light snack that you have in the middle of the morning.
Exercise 99. Write these in words. Make these numerals ordinal.
1, 2, 12, 20, 28, 3, 13, 30, 35, 4, 14, 40, 49, 5,15, 50, 56, 6, 16, 60, 7, 17, 70, 76, 8, 18, 80, 89, 9, 19, 90, 99, 100, 107, 126, 200, 349, 607, 995, 1000, 5007, 6455, 8967, 67237, 100 000 000, 2 367 532, 6 758 364.
Exercise 100. Read the following:
1005 journals; 5 400 000 strikes; 101 clerks; 41 banks; 305 suggestions; 6859 books; 8 732 465 signatures; on page 733; by tram 43; in room 1438; in chapter XXIX; on the 12th day; 90 045 042 pounds.
Exercise 101. Translate into English.
A. 9325 забастовок, 341 студент, 9-е предложение, в комнате 1223, на странице 945-й, 10 999 525 долларов, 44785 фунтов стерлингов, 1 565 000 новых книг, в 331 параграфе, 101 305 681 гривна, сотни ящиков, тысячи деревьев, десять машин.
B. 3/5 тонны, 1/4 километра, 2/3 процента, 1 ½ часа, ½ фунта, 4 ½ пенса, 2/3 недели, 8/11 суммы, 3/5 метра, 1/3 килограмма, 1/5 доллара, 3/7 текста, ½ часа, 4/5 урока.
Exercise 102. Write these in words:
1/5, 1/7, ½, ¼, 1/6, 1/8, 3/5, 5/6, ¾, 7/8, 1 ½, 2 ¾, 3 5/6, 4 ½, 5 3/8, 0.2, 0.1, 0.35, 0.02, 1.6, 1.45, 2.5, 4.65, 5.61, 6.07, 43.82.
Exercise 103. Read the following.
At the end of 1789; in 1920; in 1860; in June, 1941; by 1980; in January, 1965; on December 25, 1959; 28th February, 2004; on the 21st of July; October 25, 1917; November 7, 1943; 3rd September, 2000.
Exercise 104. Write the following dates.
9.05.1945; 22. 04.1979; 23. 02. 1999; 05.09.1965; 31.01.1952; 01.09. 2001; 20.06.1949; в 1869; в сентябре 1941; к ноябрю 2005; в 1901; 09.11.1800; в мае 1987.
Exercise 105. Read the following telephone numbers.
578-44-32; 489-00-01; 457-36-99; 274-83-68; 988-01-00; 441-10-07; 661-95-83; 764-32-29; 711-00-75; 285-55-37; 109-37-64.
Exercise 106. How do you say these numbers in English?
1. 462; 2. 2 ½; 3. 2,345; 4. 6.75; 5. 0.25; 6. 3 1/3; 7. 1,250.000; 8. 10,04; 9. 47 %; 10. 10 September; 11. 3 July; 12. 602 8477 (phone number); 13. -5° Centigrade; 14. in 1903; 15. in 2001; 16. 0.7.
Exercise 107. Write answers to these problems.
1. 23 and 36 is ______. 2. 24 times 8 is ______. 3. 80 minus 20 is ______. 4. 65 divided by 13 is ______. 5. Add 10 and 6, multiply by 8, then subtract 40 and divide by 11. What have you got left? 6. Divide 33 by 11, multiply by 7,and subtract 16. What number is left?
Exercise 108. Write in words according to the model.
Model: 13 + 45 = 58 Thirteen plus forty-five is fifty-eight.
50 − 31 = 19 Fifty minus thirty-one is nineteen.
15 x 2 = 30 Fifteen multiplied by two is thirty.
30: 2 = 15 Thirty divided by two is fifteen.
46 + 18 = 64 6 + 60 = 66 126 − 45 =81
15 – 8 = 7 10 + 9 = 19 37 x 19 =703
80 – 30 = 50 48: 4 = 12 963 + 482 =11445
9 + 11 = 20 11 x 9 = 99 196: 14=14
Exercise 109. Answer these questions. Write your answers in words.
1. When were you born? 2. How much do you weigh? 3. What is the number of the flat or the house where you live? 4. Is that an odd or an even number? 5. What is the approximate population of your town? 6. What is the approximate population of your country? 7. What is the normal temperature of a healthy person? 8. How many kilometers are there in a mile? 9. How many years are there in a millennium? 10. How many centimeters are there in an inch? a foot? a yard?
Exercise 110. Translate into English.
1. Мой дом – третий справа. 2. Упражнение десять – на тринадцатой странице. 3. Предложение шесть неверно, а вот седьмое правильно. 4. Мне не понравилась первая серия фильма, вторая – гораздо лучше. 5. Четверка – это хорошая оценка. 6. Прошел месяц, затем второй, потом третий, а вестей все не было. 7. День рождения моего папы – восьмого марта. А ваш? 8. Третий лишний. 9. Комната тридцать находится на третьем этаже. 10. Встреча состоится в два часа на втором этаже в комнате номер восемь. 11. Его офис находится на Пятой авеню на сороковом этаже. 12. Матч окончился со счетом 5:0. 13. Тысячи людей вышли на улицы в знак протеста. 14. В феврале температура часто опускалась ниже 15 градусов. 15. Мой номер телефона очень легко запомнить – 334-55-67.
Exercise 111. Complete the following with the numbers given below. Most of the examples in this exercise are idioms and worth learning.
eleven; two and two; one hundred; four; three; two, three;
sixes and sevens; fifty-fifty; nine times out of ten; forty
1. We live in a _____ dimensional world.
2. There are ______ players in a football team.
3. I’m sorry things are a bit untidy. We’re all at _____ and _____ at the moment.
4. This train seems to be late _____ times out of _____.
5. At first I was confused, but then I put _____ and _____ together.
6. _____’s company, _____’s a crowd.
7. He’s a great player. He gives _____ percent in every game.
8. Protests flooded in from _____ corners of the world.
9. We split the prize money _____, and I’ve already spent my half.
10. Life begins at _____.
Exercise 112. Complete the following with ordinal numbers which you should make from cardinal numbers given below.
20; 2; 10; 18/21/25/50; 3; 4; 1; 1
1. I believe the Government should increase its aid to the _____ World.
2. We shouldn’t treat immigrants as _____ -class citizens.
3. The Americans celebrate Independence Day on the _____ of July.
4. More progress has been made in the _____ century than in the whole of history.
5. In the last sixty years the Olympic 100m record has improved by four _____ of a second.
6. They’re good friends. They’ve been on _____ name terms for years.
7. Applications will be dealt with on a _____ come, _____ served basis.
8. Most people have a special party for their _____ birthday.
Exercise 113. Translate into English.
1. Я родился 31 декабря, так что это двойной праздник для меня. 2. Ум хорошо, а два лучше. 3. Конференц-зал находится на четвертом этаже. 4. Школа №1236 находится на 15-й Парковой улице. 5. Дело номер 587 слушается в шестой комнате. 6. Седьмая часть прибыли этой фирмы идет на благотворительность. 7. − Как насчет второй чашечки кофе? − Спасибо, одной достаточно. 8. Он сделал вторую, третью попытку, и лишь четвертая увенчалась успехом. 9. У них большая семья. Вторая машина не помешала бы. 10. В гараже две машины. Одна папина, а вторая моего старшего брата. 11. Александр закончил школу в 2001 году. 12. Кто говорит, что третий лишний? Наоборот, бог троицу любит. 13. Сейчас я перечитываю «Тысячу и одну ночь». 14. Население этого города − семь миллионов человек. 15. Первая любовь не забывается. 16. Они встретились на премьере. 17. Давай устроим чай на двоих, хорошо? 18. Книгами А. Кристи зачитываются миллионы. 19. Многим нравятся фильмы шестидесятых. 20. Ему было где-то ближе к пятидесяти. 21. Мои друзья живут на Третьей улице Строителей. 22. Дети пробрались через изгородь на четвереньках. 23. Вода покрывает четыре пятых земной поверхности. 24. В Ватикане 11 500 комнат. 25. В республике Сан-Марино живет всего 20 000 жителей.
Exercise 114. Put the words in the necessary order.
1. one / I know / man / fat. 2. big / two / there are / elephants / in the garden. 3. twelve / there are / in a jury / jurors. 4. do you mean? / which / people / three 5. second / the / horse / in the race / it was. 6. receive a medal / runners / the / three / first 7. first / to go / in his family/he/one/to university/the / was.
Exercise 115. Comment on the use of the numerals in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian / Ukrainian.
1. The two sisters lived for each other as did Honor and Gavin. 2. There is a letter for you, Philip. It came by the second post. 3. He flashed a conspiratorial grin at the other two. 4. During that time they had a second child, a boy. 5. He looked round guiltily at the three boys standing by. 6. There were two stewardesses, at the moment, in the tourist cabin. Now a third stewardess appeared from the first class compartment forward, and the three of them were holding a hurried conversation. 7. And with something of a thrill he saw that Eldersom was a fourth player. 8, Simon knelt on all fours and was sick till his stomach was empty. 9. After less than five minutes of that perfect silence Soames came in. 10. "The five of them ought to be photographed," said Regan, surveying her grandchildren. 11. The man seemed to be in his late forties, with a long sandy mustache trailing across his lip. 12. Boys lingered talking to one another and presently some who had hurried to change came out to play fives; others straggled out in twos and threes and went out of the gateway: Philip knew they were going up to the cricket ground. 13. I began to earn my own living when I was fifteen. 14. His voice had a thousand modulations. 15. There are nearly two million front doors in London. 16. Well, you or somebody ought to give him a look-up-last of the old lot; he's a hundred, you know. 17. Catherine had a little over twelve hundred lire. 18. For some time after that the gentleman was silent. It was interesting to see him, taking a look, staking a stroke on the paper, taking another look. Hundreds of looks, hundreds of strokes.
Exercise 116. Fill in appropriate articles where necessary.
1. It was only... fifth of July, and no meeting was fixed with Fleur until... ninth. 2. June walked straight up to her former friend, kissed her cheek, and... two settled down on a sofa never sat on since the hotel's foundation. 3. He'd catch... two o'clock train back to New York, 4. She is quite aged for... seventy, isn't she? What I would call... old seventy. 5. The letter bored him, and when it was followed next day by another, and the day after by... third, he began to worry. 6. Philip looked at his uncle with disapproval when he took... second piece of cake. 7. He walked along thoughtfully. He wasn't going to be one of... lucky ten who were going to be taken back. 8. "Miss Luce will be... second mother to the children," she said. 9. They talked of... thousand things, and they all talked at once. 10. James looked at her sideways and placed... second piece of ham in his mouth. 11. The phone rang almost immediately... third time. 12. The phone, ringing for... fourth time, interrupted his thoughts. 13.... three times I have already done that. Everything! Then this time will make... fourth. 14. That question, too, he had asked himself... thousand times. 15. Once more he had used the service stairs from... eighth floor to... ninth.
THE PRONOUN
МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ
Местоимение – часть речи, которая указывает на лицо, предметы, на их признаки, количество, но не называет их. Местоимения обычно употребляются в предложении вместо существительного, прилагательного, наречия и числительного.
E.g. John learns English. He likes it.
The day was warm. Such days are rare in October.
I have some French books.
Местоимения, указывающие на лицо или предмет, обладают признаками существительного и в предложении могут выполнять функции подлежащего и дополнения.
E.g. He is a doctor.
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