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REFERENCE
A General information
| Cardinals | Ordinals | |
| zero | ||
| one | the first | |
| two | the second | |
| three | the third | |
| four | the four th | |
| five | the fif th | |
| six | the six th | |
| seven | the seven th | |
| eight | the eigh th | |
| nine | the nin th | |
| ten | the ten th | |
| eleven | the eleven th | |
| twelve | the twelf th | |
| thirteen | the thirteen th | |
| fourteen | the fourteen th | |
| fifteen | the fifteen th | |
| sixteen | the sixteen th | |
| seventeen | the seventeen th | |
| eighteen | the eighteen th | |
| nineteen | the nineteen th | |
| twenty | the twentie th | |
| twenty-one | the twenty- first | |
| twenty-two | the twenty- second | |
| twenty-three | the twenty- third | |
| thirty | the thirtie th | |
| forty | the fortie th | |
| fifty | the fiftie th | |
| sixty | the sixtie th | |
| seventy | the seventie th | |
| eighty | the eightie th | |
| ninety | the ninetie th | |
| one hundred | the hundred th | |
| one hundred and one | the one hundred and first | |
| one hundred and two | the one hundred and second | |
| one hundred and three | the one hundred and third | |
| two hundred | the two hundred th | |
| three hundred | the three hundred th | |
| four hundred | the four hundred th | |
| five hundred | the five hundred th | |
| six hundred | the six hundred th | |
| seven hundred | the seven hundred th | |
| eight hundred | the eight hundred th | |
| nine hundred | the nine hundred th | |
| one thousand | the thousand th | |
| one thousand (and) one | the thousand first | |
| one thousand (and) two | the thousand second | |
| one thousand (and) three | the thousand third | |
| two thousand | the two thousand th | |
| 30,000 | thirty thousand | the thirty thousand th |
| 55,500 | fifty-five thousand five hundred | the fifty-five thousand five hundred th |
| 100,000 | one hundred thousand | the one hundred thousand th |
| 1,000,000 | one million | the million th |
| 1,000,000,000 | one billion | the billion th |
B Dates
При обозначении дат число больше 1000 делится на две равные части, которые называются отдельно:
1056 год – ten fifty-six
1709 год – seventeen o [əu] nine
16 00 год – sixteen hundred
Но:
2000 год – two thousand
2001 год – two thousand and one
2005 год – two thousand and five
2009 год – two thousand and nine
2010 год – twenty ten
2011 год – twenty eleven
При обозначении исторического периода до 1000 года числительное произносится согласно общему правилу:
988 год – nine hundred and eighty-eight
Века обозначаются через порядковые числительные:
XX век – the twentieth century
NB Особое внимание следует обратить на разницу в письменном и устном обозначении дат с указанием точного числа и месяца года. Здесь возможно несколько вариантов:
| Письменная речь | Устная речь |
| 12 October 2004 | the twelfth of October two thousand and four |
| 12th October 2004 | |
| October 12, 2004 | October the twelfth two thousand and four |
| October 12th, 2004 |
Первые два варианта более характерны для британского варианта (British English), последние два – для американского варианта (American English) современного английского языка.
Возможно и только числовое обозначение дат:
09/05/07.
Однако в данном случае необходимо иметь в виду следующее. В британском английском эта дата понимается как 9 мая 2007 года, т. е. в порядке день / месяц / год. В американском английском эта дата будет воспринята как 7 мая 2009 года, т. е. в порядке год / месяц / день.
C Denoting rooms, pages, flights, aircraft models, historical events and monarchs (Номера помещений, страниц, авиарейсов, моделей самолетов, исторических явлений и представителей монархии)
В таких случаях слово, предшествующее номеру, обычно пишется с заглавной буквы, а номер произносится как количественное числительное:
The lecture on Russian literature is taking place in Room 432. (Room four hundred and thirty two)
Исключение составляет слово “page”, которое пишется со строчной буквы:
You can find this scheme on page 54. (page fifty-four)
Или: You can find this scheme on the fifty-fourth page.
В обозначениях авиарейсов, каждая цифра произносится отдельно:
I’ve booked two tickets for Flight 6559. (Flight six five five nine)
The British Airways bought a new Boeing-747 last week. (… seven four seven …)
Исторические явления (мировые войны) и представители монархии обозначаются следующим образом:
World War I (World War one) или the First World War
World War II (World War two) или the Second World War
Henry VIII (Henry the eighth)
D Denoting “0” in some sport games (Обозначение ноля в некоторых спортивных играх)
В футболе «ноль» обозначается словом nil, в теннисе – love:
Spain beat Italy 2-0. (two- nil)
Williams leads 40-0. (forty- love)
E Fractions (Дробные числа)
| 1/2 – a half | 1/3 – a third | 1/4 – a quarter / a fourth | |||
| 2/3 – two thirds | 2/5 – two fifths | 3/7 – three sevenths | |||
| 0.4 – nought/zero point four | 1.5 – one point five | ||||
| 2.67 – two point six seven | 5.09 – five point zero nine | ||||
F Denoting time (Обозначение времени)
am or a.m. (от лат. ante meridiem – «до полудня»): 0:00 → 12:00
pm or p.m. (от лат. post meridiem – «после полудня»): 12:00 → 0:00
12:00 – it’s noon / midday
13:05 – it’s five past one p.m. / thirteen o [əu] five
17:15 – it’s a quarter past five p.m. / seventeen fifteen
18:25 – it’s twenty-five past six p.m. / eighteen twenty-five
19:30 – it’s half past seven p.m. / nineteen thirty
20:40 – it’s twenty to nine p.m. / twenty forty
21:45 – it’s a quarter to ten p.m. / twenty-one forty-five
22:55 – it’s five to eleven p.m. / twenty-two fifty-five
23:00 – it’s eleven p.m. (sharp) / twenty-three sharp / * twenty-three hundred
0:00 – it’s midnight
1:00 – it’s one a.m. (sharp)
2:13 – it’s thirteen past two a.m. / two thirteen a.m.
* главным образом в анонсах теле- и радиопередач
PRACTICE
2.1. Say the following numerals in English.
a) 12, 13, 18, 20, 30, 44, 67, 88, 91, 103, 126, 187, 202, 234, 303, 311, 390, 453, 564, 675, 786, 834, 908, 992, 1024, 1287, 1997, 2875, 4657, 5661, 8975, 9812, 10.987, 56.784, 62.984, 77.231, 190.875, 253.746, 567.717, 784.874, 2.234.765, 3.398.712, 100.872.761, 234.465.711, 964.909.917, 3.234.457.101
b) 0.2, 0.34, 1.15, 1.3, 2.4, 2.67, 3.2, 3.98, 4.23, 4.9, 5.1, 5.77, 6.01, 6.7, 7.09, 7.2, 8.45, 8.9, 9.1, 9.21
c) 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/10, 1/20, 1/50, 1/100, 2/3, 2/7, 3/4, 3/8, 4/5, 5/9
2.2. Say the following dates in English.
102, 988, 1066, 1234, 1347, 1459, 1501, 1666, 1700, 1889, 1900, 1991, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2012
2.3. “What time is it?”
a) 0:00, 01:10, 02:15, 03:25, 04:30, 05:40, 06:45, 07:51, 08:00, 12:00, 14:18, 18:43, 19:59, 23:55
b) 1 a.m., 3:15 a.m., 4:45 a.m., 8:53 a.m., 9:00 a.m., 2 p.m., 3:30 p.m., 6:45 p.m., 9:35 p.m.
2.4. Match the questions with the appropriate answers. Practise saying the numbers.
| 1. How far is London from Tokyo? | a) 2,333 kph |
| 2. How far is New York from Buenos Aires? | b) 5,896 m |
| 3. What temperature does water boil at? | c) almost ¾ |
| 4. How much of the Earth’s surface is covered in water? | d) 57,848,000 |
| 5. How many bones are there in the human body? | e) 33% |
| 6. What is 477 + 345? | f) 33.3% |
| 7. What is 1,568 – 744? | g) 963 kph |
| 8. How much of the world’s electricity is used by America? | h) 824 |
| 9. How fast did Concorde fly? | i) 822 |
| 10. How fast does a Jumbo jet fly? | j) 5,895 m |
| 11. What is ⅓ as a percentage? | k) 8,454 km |
| 12. How big is the Pacific Ocean? | l) 206 |
| 13. How high is Mount Kilimanjaro? | m) 179,679,000 km2 |
| 14. How high is Mount Cotopaxi? | n) 19,888,000 |
| 15. What is the population of the UK? | o) 100°C |
| 16. What is the population of Australia? | p) 9,562 km |
2.5. Find the errors in these statements and correct them.
1. He lives on fifth floor.
2. We usually meet in half of the seventh hour.
3. It’s five without ten minutes.
4. I’ll ring you up at nine precisely.
5. The exam is taking place in the room two hundred eighteen.
6. I was born in 1992 year.
7. The Great Fire of London dates back to one thousand six hundred and sixty six.
8. It’s a quarter after six.
9. The talk show starts in nineteen double zero.
10. We scored three dot ninety seven in our chemistry test.
2.6. COUNTRY STATISTICS
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| A Singular and plural forms of nouns | | | Work in pairs or small groups. Agree these statistics for an English-speaking country and your country. |