Читайте также:
|
REFERENCE
A Affirmative and negative sentences (Утвердительные и отрицательные предложения)
В английском языке порядок слов фиксированный. Для утвердительных и отрицательных предложений он следующий:
| S + V + O + A |
S – Subject
V – Verb
O – Object
A – Adverb/Adverbial
Наличие дополнения или наречия (обстоятельства/обстоятельственного слова) не обязательно, но возможно:
Paulis speaking.
Paulspeakstwo foreign languages.
Paulspeakstwo foreign languagesfluently.
Paulspeaksconfidently.
Paulisn’t speaking.
Pauldoesn’t speakany foreign languages.
Pauldoesn’t speakany foreign languages fluently.
Pauldoesn’t speakconfidently.
B Interrogative sentences (Вопросительные предложения)
В вопросительных предложениях используется инверсия – обратный порядок слов, перестановка местами подлежащего и сказуемого, используемая главным образом в вопросах. Это основной способ образования вопросительной формы предложения, употребляемый в абсолютном большинстве случаев:
Heis a second-year student. – Ishe a second-year student?
Paulinelikes horror films. – DoesPauline like horror films?
Jeremyis repairing his bike. – IsJeremy repairing his bike?
| AuxV + S + V + O + A |
AuxV – Auxiliary verb
Doyousmoke?
IsJackiea doctor?
Washedancingat last night’s party?
Didtheyseeour presentationat the conference?
C Order of adverbs (Место наречий в предложении)
Наречие характеризует глагол, прилагательное, другое наречие или предложение целиком. Это определяет место наречия в предложении.
Существуют следующие правила расположения наречий в предложении:
♦ наречия обычно ставятся после глаголов, но перед прилагательными, другими наречиями и причастиями:
She walks slowly.
We are extremely hungry.
Jim left very early.
The book is beautifully decorated in Oriental style.
♦ наречия образа действия ставятся перед смысловым глаголом, после вспомогательного глагола или в конце предложения:
We easily won the match.
They are patiently waiting for the Council’s decision.
The police reacted swiftly.
♦ наречия степени законченности/интенсивности действия (absolutely, completely, strongly, totally, thoroughly, excessively, extensively, utterly, practically, extremely, very, quite, rather, etc.)ставятся перед прилагательным, наречием или смысловым глаголом, но после вспомогательного глагола:
Your suggestion is totally unacceptable.
He described the situation rather briefly.
I absolutely adore your sense of humour.
They don’t quite understand what we are talking about.
♦ наречия частоты действия (always, usually, normally, generally, often, frequently, ever, seldom, rarely, never, sometimes, occasionally, hardly ever, etc.) ставятся после вспомогательного глагола и глагола to be, но перед смысловым глаголом:
They are always complaining about everything!
She is never rude to anyone.
Samuel rarely says anything about his family.
♦ наречия места и времени обычно ставятся в конец предложения:
There is a nice Italian restaurant nearby.
Let’s go out tonight.
Некоторые односложные наречия времени (soon, now, then, just, etc.) ставятся перед смысловым глаголом, но после вспомогательного глагола или глагола to be:
She then told me what she was going to do next.
I will soon send you our catalogue by e-mail.
We are just back home.
♦ если мы хотим особо подчеркнуть значение, передаваемое наречием, то последнее можно поставить в начало предложения:
Yesterday, I received a letter from Carol.
In his garage, there is the latest model of Bentley.
Reluctantly, he accepted our offer.
♦ Если в предложении есть два или более наречий, они, как правило, располагаются в порядке образ действия – место – время:
James worked hard in his studio all Saturday long.
Если в предложении употребляется глагол движения (go, come, leave, walk, run, etc.), то порядок следования наречий меняется: место – образ действия – время:
We arrived here by plane a couple of days ago.
PRACTICE
6.1. Read the following sentences and write down their structure using the letters S (for Subject), V (for Verb), O (for Object), and A (for Adverbial).
1. The dog bit Peter very badly.
2. Bill ran fast.
3. I ate some fish and chips for supper.
4. We all went home.
5. He speaks English very well.
6. Most of my friends enjoyed the game last week.
7. John saw Fred yesterday.
6.2. Change the meaning of these sentences by changing the subject and the object.
1. John loves Mary.
2. Charlie Brown kicked the horse.
3. A big fish ate Jonah.
4. Mrs Jackson taught my father.
5. She married a young engineer.
6. I met Jane at the station.
7. The giant killed Jack.
6.3. Put the adverbs given into the correct place. More than one answer may be suitable.
1. Jane came into the drawing room where Barbara was playing the piano.
Still
2. She is telling Linda about the play she saw a couple of days ago.
Just
3. She’s going away.
Tonight
4. I had a peaceful day when we lived together.
Never
5. I feel that I should say “yes”.
Sometimes
6. I promised to give him everything he wanted.
Also
7. He is present in my heart.
Always
8. I’m alone in the world.
Now
9. Andy was sitting on the porch smoking a cigar. Somebody came out.
Suddenly
10. Ms Jackson began to take in interest in him.
Soon
11. Does he come to see you?
Often
12. Your suggestion is unacceptable.
Completely
13. We enjoyed our holidays.
Quite
6.4. Put these words and phrases in the right order to make sentences.
1. a bone / the dog / ate.
2. everybody / hard / worked.
3. the cat / the mouse / caught.
4. children / kittens / love.
5. the answer / nobody / knows.
6. a new dress / Mary / bought / yesterday.
7. the film / all of us / last night / enjoyed.
8. John Black / to the supermarket / went.
9. her car / Janet Black / to the airport / drove.
10. a cup of coffee / Mike / after lunch / drank.
11. always / I / my teeth / brush / twice a day.
12. there / so / on the train / people / were / many.
13. we / in town / saw / on a Saturday morning / them.
14. he / late / is / never / for classes.
15. more / my brother / am / a / careless driver / is / than / I.
16. they / what time / finish / work / do / usually?
17. I / dinner / the moment / having / they / were / together / in / came.
18. didn’t / night / he / much / that / sleep.
19. rather / it / journey / boring / a / was / really.
20. the name / I / after / remembered / a few minutes.
21. in / used / he / the evening / to come.
22. her way / pushing / was / the crowd / through / the girl.
Дата добавления: 2015-11-16; просмотров: 67 | Нарушение авторских прав
| <== предыдущая страница | | | следующая страница ==> |
| D Similar but different | | | Consolidation of Part 1 and Part 2 |