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If the verb in the principal clause is used in the Past Indefinite we should observe the following rules:
1. If the actions of the subordinate and principal clauses are simultaneous, then in the subordinate clause we use the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous.
E.g. He said (that) he read books every evening.
He said (that) he was reading the book then.
NOTE 1. The Past Perfect Inclusive and the Past Perfect Continuous Inclusive can also be used in the subordinate clause in this case if they can be replaced by the Present Perfect Inclusive and the Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive in the present situation. Into Ukrainian such subordinate clauses are translated by the present tense.
E.g. He said (that) he had been ill for a week. (=He says he has been ill for a week.)
Він сказав, що хворіє вже тиждень. (=Він каже, що хворіє вже тиждень.)
He said (that) he had been reading the book for an hour. (=He says he has been reading the book for an hour.)
Він сазав, що читає книгу вже годину. (=Він каже, що читає книгу вже годину.)
2. If the action of the subordinate clause is prior to the action of the principal clause, then in the subordinate clause we use the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Continuous Exclusive.
E.g. He said (that) he had read the book already.
He was tired. He said (that) he had been reading the book (for an hour / since two o’clock).
NOTE 2. Into Ukrainian such subordinate clauses are translated by the past perfective or the past imperfective.
E.g. He said (that) he had learned the poem.
Він сказав, що вивчив вірша.
His hands were dirty. He said (that) he had been working in the garden.
Його руки були брудні. Він сказав, що, він працював у саду.
3. If the action of the subordinate clause is posterior to the action of the principal clause, then in the subordinate clause we use the future tenses in the past.
E.g. He said (that) he would read the book the next week.
He said (that) he would be reading the book at that time the next week.
He said (that) he would have read the book by that time.
He said (that) he would have been reading the book for an hour by the time we came.
NOTE 3. Into Ukrainian such subordinate clauses are translated by the future perfective or the future imperfective.
E.g. He said (that) he would be playing chess from 5 till 7 next Monday.
Він сказав, що гратиме / буде грати в шахи з 5 до 7 наступного понеділка.
He said (that) he would have passed his exam by that time.
Він сказав, що складе іспит до того часу.
If there are several subordinate clauses in the complex sentence, the rules of the sequence of tenses are observed in all of them. The tense of the verb of the subordinate clause can depend on the tense of the verb of other subordinate clauses.
E.g. I thought (that) he would tell (1) Mary that her parents had already returned (2) from Canada. (In this sentence the action of the first subordinate clause would tell is posterior to the action of the principal clause thought. The action of the second subordinate clause had returned is prior to the action of the first subordinate clause would tell.)
She was sure (that) he knew that she would not agree with him.
He said (that) she had told him that she had passed her exam.
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