An action which begins before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will still be in progress at that moment

· This use of the Future Perfect Continuous we call the Future Perfect Continuous Inclusive.

· The preposition FOR denotes the whole period of duration of the action.

· The adverbials by that time, (by) next week, (by) next Sunday, by the time he comes, when he comes, when she is 20, before she gets home, etc. denote a definite moment in the future.

E.g. I will have been studying at the University for a year by next September.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FUTURE INDEFINITE AND

TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE

The Future Indefinite	TO BE GOING TO + Infinitive
· a future action previously arranged in some detail (more formal than TO BE GOING TO);	· an intention or decision;
E.g. He will meet us at the station at 5 tomorrow.	E.g. He’s going to meet us at the station at 5 tomorrow.
· a prediction based on past experience (guesswork, analysis, judgement, etc.).	· a prediction based on present evidence.
E.g. He’s careless. Don’t give him your car. Once he broke mine and he’ll break yours too.	E.g. He’s careless. Look how he’s driving. He’s going to break your car!

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FUTURE INDEFINITE AND

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS

The Future Indefinite	The Future Continuous
· an on-the-spot (immediate) decision;	· a fixed arrangement or a future action seen as a part of routine;
E.g. ‘Can you borrow that book for me?’ ‘Sorry, I can’t.’ ‘Well, I’ll do it myself.’	E.g. ‘I can borrow that book for you.’ ‘Oh, it’s OK. Please don’t trouble yourself. I’ll be going to the library anyway.’
· a polite inquiry about people’s plans.	· a polite inquiry about people’s plans. (politer than the Future Indefinite.)
E.g. When will you make a decision?	E.g. When will you be making a decision?

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FUTURE PERFECT AND

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS INCLUSIVE

The Future Perfect	The Future Perfect Continuous Inclusive
· an action completed before a definite moment in the future.	· an action which begins before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will still be in progress at that moment.
E.g. She’ll have translated the text by that time.	E.g. She’ll have been translating the text for half an hour by that time.

THE WAYS OF EXPRESSING FUTURE ACTIONS

TENSE FORM/EXPRESSION	MEANING	EXAMPLE
The Present Indefinite	· a future action due to a timetable, a programme or a calendar (a timetabled action);	Their plane lands at 5 o’clock in the morning.
The next meeting is on 2^ndAugust.
· a future action in adverbial clauses of time and condition.	He’ll call you when he gets to the place.
If she comes back, let me know.
The Present Continuous	· a fixed personal or impersonal arrangement;	We’re leaving from Heathrow airport at 7.30 p.m.
The corporation is opening three new overseas offices next month.
· a future action in progress in adverbial clauses of time and condition.	I’ll be mowing the lawn while she is cooking lunch.
GOING TO/GONNA + Infinitive	· an intention or decision;	We’re going to leave next morning.
· a prediction based on present evidence.	The sky is overcast. It’s going to rain.
The Present Perfect	· an action completed before a definite moment in the future in adverbial clauses of time and condition.	I’ll help you only after I’ve donethe cleaning.
The Future Indefinite	· a future action previously arranged in some detail (more formal than TO BE GOING TO);	The conference will begin on 12^thNovember.
· a statement of a fact;	Next month I’ll be17.
· a prediction based on past experience (guesswork, analysis, judgement, etc.);	Don’t you know? Our team’s playing. The stadium will be full on Sunday.
· an on-the-spot (immediate) decision.	‘Someone’s knocking at the door.’ ‘OK, I’ll answer it.’
The Future Continuous	· an action in progress at a definite moment in the future;	She will be working in the lab from 5 till 7 tomorrow.
· a fixed arrangement or a future action seen as a part of routine;	Professor Johnson will be giving another lecture next week.
‘Shall I borrow that book for you?’ ‘Please don’t trouble yourself. I’ll be going to the library anyway.’
· a polite inquiry about people’s plans.	Will you be using you camera this week? I’d like to borrow it.
The Future Perfect	· an action completed before a definite moment in the future;	Come at 6. I’ll have translated the text by that time.
· an action which begins before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will still be in progress at that moment (mostly with stative verbs).	I’ll have known her for ten years by next June.
The Future Perfect Continuous	· an action which begins before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will still be in progress at that moment.	We’ll have been studying English for seven years by next September.
TO BE TO + Infinitive	· an official arrangement (mostly used in writing, news articles);	Two men are to appear in court on charges of armed robbery on 15^thJanuary.
· a formal command or instruction.	You are to do Exercise 7 in writing.
TO BE DUE TO + (Infinitive)	· a future action expected to happen at a particular time (not so totally fixed as TO BE TO).	Carriageway repairs are due to start on 27^th May.
The BA 748 is not due (to arrive/land) till 14.25.
TO BE ABOUT TO + Infinitive	· an action (planned or unplanned) or intention in the nearest future.	Ladies and gentlemen, please take your seats. The concertis about to start.
TO BE ON THE POINT/VERGE OF + Infinitive/Noun
	She was on the point of saying something but changed her mind.
Some species of birds are on the verge of extinction.
TO BE LIKELY TO + Infinitive	· supposition referring to the future.	Parents are unlikely to come back before nine.
TO BE SURE/BOUND/CERTAIN TO + Infinitive
She’s sure to like Bob when she sees him.
You’re bound to fail if you go on like that.

NOTE. Some verbs have the meaning of futurity even if they are not used in a future form. They are as follows: to anticipate, to expect, to hope, to intend,
to plan, to predict, to promise, to swear, etc.

E.g. We expect him to come at 6.

I hope to see all of you at my place.

Most of the students intend to continue their education abroad.

‘I'll be back by 1.00.’ ‘ Promise?’ ‘Yes! Don't worry.’

Do you swear never to do it again?

THE FUTURE TENSES IN THE PAST

THE FUTURE INDEFINITE IN THE PAST

(THE FUTURE SIMPLE IN THE PAST)

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16