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The Formation of the Present Continuous

The Classification of Verbs | The Grammatical Categories of the Verb | The Formation of the Present Perfect | The Formation of the Present Perfect Continuous | The Formation of the Past Indefinite | A repeated action in the past | The Formation of the Past Continuous | The Use of the Past Perfect Continuous | The Formation of the Future Indefinite | A prediction based on our opinion or past experience |


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1. We form the Present Continuous by means of the auxiliary verb TO BE in the Present Indefinite (am / is / are) and Participle I of the main verb.

AM IS + PARTICIPLE I (Ving) ARE

E.g. I am writing a letter now.

She is still reading the book.

They are making a report at present.

In informal English we can also use short affirmative forms.

Full affirmative forms Short affirmative forms
I am working. He (she, it) is working. We (you, they) are working. I’m working. He (she, it)’s working. We (you, they)’re working.

 

SPELLING RULES

 

Before the ending - ING:

(a) we drop a mute - E;

E.g. to mak e – mak ing

(b) we double a final consonant in a stressed syllable:

· in monosyllabic verbs after a short vowel;

E.g. to h o p – hopping BUT to h o p e – hoping
to b e t – betting to b ea t – beating

· in polysyllabic verbs if it has no diphthong;

E.g. to be´gin – beginning BUT to ´open – opening
to per´mit – permitting to ´visit – visiting
to re´fer – referring to ´offer – offering
to pre´fer – preferring to a´pp ea r – appearing

In British English we double a final - L after a short (stressed or unstressed) vowel.

E.g. to ful´f i l (BrE)/ful´f i ll (AmE) – fulfilling BUT to a´pp ea l – appealing
to ´trav e l – travelling (BrE)/traveling (AmE) to con´c ea l – concealing

(c) we change a final - C into - CK;

E.g. to pani c – pani ck ing

to picni c – picni ck ing

(d) we change a final - IE into - Y;

E.g. to d ie – d y ing

to l ie – l y ing

to t ie – t y ing

(e) we do not change a final - Y.

E.g. to stud y – stud y ing

2. In negative sentences we place the negative particle NOT after the auxiliary verb TO BE (am / is / are). In informal English we use short negative forms.

E.g. I am not / ’m not writing a letter now.

She is not / isn’t reading the book.

They are not / aren’t making a report at present.

Full negative forms Short negative forms
I am not working. He (she, it) is not working. We (you, they) are not working. I’m not working. He (she, it) isn’t working. We (you, they) aren’t working.

3. In interrogative sentences (questions) we place the auxiliary verb TO BE (am / is / are) before the subject.

E.g. Am I writing a letter now?

Is she reading the book?

Are they making a report at present?

4. In negative - interrogative sentences (negative questions) we place the auxiliary verb TO BE (am / is / are) before the subject and the negative particle NOT after the subject. In informal English we place short negative forms before the subject.

E.g. Am I not / Aren’t I writing a letter now?

Is she not / Isn’t she reading the book?

Are they not / Aren’t they making a report at present?

Full negative-interrogative forms Short negative-interrogative forms
Am I not working? Is he (she, it) not working? Are we (you, they) not working? Aren’t I working? Isn’t he (she, it) working? Aren’t we (you, they) working?

 


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