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The Formation of the Past Indefinite

The Classification of Verbs | The Grammatical Categories of the Verb | The Formation of the Present Indefinite | The Formation of the Present Continuous | A future action in progress in adverbial clauses of time and condition | The Formation of the Present Perfect | The Formation of the Past Continuous | The Use of the Past Perfect Continuous | The Formation of the Future Indefinite | A prediction based on our opinion or past experience |


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  1. A claim should be well organized with information in a logical order.
  2. A) Informations – Передача информация
  3. A) Summarize the information about the experiment in the table below.
  4. A) The use of the Past Indefinite becomes obligatory with stative verbs.
  5. a) Использование Past Indefinite является обязательным с глаголами, которые
  6. A. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
  7. Academic Information

1. We form the Past Indefinite by adding the ending -ED to the Bare Infinitive of regular verbs.

BARE INFINITIVE + ED (Ved/V2)

Infinitives of irregular verbs form the Past Indefinite by:

· changing the root vowel (to s i ng – s a ng)

· changing the final consonant (to buil d – buil t)

· using the same stem (to cutcut)

· using a different stem (to bewas / were), etc.

E.g. I wrote the letter yesterday.

She translated the text an hour ago.

 

SPELLING RULES

 

Before the ending - ED:

(a) we drop a mute - E;

E.g. to liv e – liv ed

to di e – di ed

(b) we change a final - Y preceded by a consonant into - I;

E.g. to stu d y – stud i ed

to car r y – carr i ed

BUT a final - Y preceded by a vowel remains unchanged.

E.g. to pl a y – pla y ed

to enj o y – enjo y ed

(c) we double a final consonant in a stressed syllable:

· in monosyllabic verbs after a short vowel;

E.g. to n o d – nodded BUT to n ee d – needed
to h o p – hopped to h o p e – hoped

· in polysyllabic verbs if it has no diphthong.

E.g. to per´mit – permitted BUT to ´visit – visited
to re´fer – referred to ´offer – offered
to pre´fer – preferred to a´pp ea r – appeared

In British English we double a final - L after a short (stressed or unstressed) vowel.

E.g. to ful´f i l (BrE)/ful´f i ll (AmE) – fulfilled BUT to a´pp ea l – appealed
to ´trav e l – travelling (BrE)/traveled (AmE) to con´c ea l – concealed

(d) we change a final - C into - CK;

E.g. to pani c – pani ck ed

to picni c – picni ck ed

2. In negative sentences we place the negative particle NOT after the auxiliary verb TO DO (did) and before the Infinitive of the main verb. In informal English we use short negative forms.

E.g. I did not / didn’t write the letter yesterday.

She did not / didn’t translate the text an hour ago.

Full negative forms Short negative forms
I (we, you, they, he, she, it) did not work. I (we, you, they, he, she, it) didn’t work.

In sentences with the verb TO BE (was / were) used as a predicate or a link verb we place the negative particle NOT after it and do not use any auxiliary verbs. In informal English we use short negative forms.

E.g. He was not / wasn’t at school yesterday.

I was not / wasn’t a student.

They were not / weren’t ready.

Full negative forms Short negative forms
I (he, she, it) was not late. We (you, they) were not late. I (he, she, it) wasn’t late. We (you, they) weren’t late.

3. In interrogative sentences (questions) we place the auxiliary verb TO DO (did) before the subject and the Infinitive of the main verb after the subject.

E.g. Did I write the letter yesterday?

Did she translate the text an hour ago?

In sentences with the verb TO BE (was / were) used as a predicate or a link verb we place this verb before the subject and do not use any auxiliary verbs.

E.g. Was he at school yesterday?

Was I a student?

Were they ready?

4. In negative - interrogative sentences (negative questions) we place the auxiliary verb TO DO (did) before the subject and the negative particle NOT after the subject. In informal English we place short negative forms before the subject.

E.g. Did I not / Didn’t I write the letter yesterday?

Did she not / Didn’t she translate the text an hour ago?

Full negative-interrogative forms Short negative-interrogative forms
Did I (we, you, they, he, she, it)not work? Didn’t I (we, you, they, he, she, it) work?

In sentences with the verb TO BE (was / were) used as a predicate or a link verb we place this verb before the subject and the negative particle NOT after the subject. In informal English we place short negative forms before the subject.

E.g. Was he not / Wasn’t he at school?

Was I not / Wasn’t I a student?

Were they not / Weren’t they ready?

Full negative-interrogative forms Short negative-interrogative forms
Was I (he, she, it) not late? Were we (you, they) not late? Wasn’t I (he, she, it) late? Weren’t we (you, they) late?

 


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