B. Linking Listening One and Two

1. Working with a partner, review the main ideas about cult expressed by Dr. Margaret Singer (MS) and Dr. Ted Daniels (TD). On the chart put a check under the initials of the person who expressed each idea.

MAIN IDEAS	MS	TD
1. The cult leaders personality and pressures are the best predictors of cult violence.
2. Rapid and drastic changes throughout the world are reasons for an increase in cults.
3. People join cults because they feel insecure about their future. They hope the cult can help them cope with this insecurity.
4. Cults are increasing because there are so many venal, manipulative leaders who deceive followers.
5. Many Americans, especially wealthy and educated ones, are dissatisfied with their lives. They look to religion to help them.
6. New religions are not bad, in and of themselves. They must be open, above-board, and democratic.

2. Margaret Singer and Ted Daniels express different views about the primary reasons for the increase in cult activity. Discuss how their views differ with a partner. Whose ideas seem more interesting and compelling? Whose ideas are more confusing? Why? Whom do you agree with most?

3. Work with a partner. Think about the interviews you have heard. Then discuss your answers to these questions.

a. What are the advantages and disadvantages to being in a cult?

b. Why do you think people join cults?

c. How can people protect themselves or their children from cult recruiters?

d. Should governments have a role in regulating cults or charismatic groups? If so, what kind of role?

Exercise 5. Exploring Language: Word Forms

A. Working with a partner, fill in the chart with other forms of the words from Listening One and Two.

Noun	Verb	Adjective
catastrophe	X
philosophy
cult	X
fantasy		X
	X	charismatic
trickery
		hypnotic
recruit		X
		threatening
	deceive
	manipulate
millennium	X
hostility	X
prejudice
	X	problematic
prediction

B. Read the two news articles describing cults that have received a great deal of media attention. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the words that are listed above the articles.

catastrophe cult recruit philosophy deceive threat charisma prediction

fantasy hypnotic millennium hostility prejudice manipulate trickery problematic

C. Read the following letters. Find the words and expression which correspond to those listed below.

THE PUBLIC SPEAKS OUT: WHAT CAN BE DONE TO STOP FRIENDS AND RELATIVES FROM JOINING CULTS?
Here are four letters our newspaper received in response to our article about cults:
It came as a surpriseto find that my niece had joined a cult. She was in college and had suddenly turned moody and withdrawn. I couldn’t follow her conversations either. She jumped from topic to topic. It’s important that family members be aware of what stresses may be closing in on loved ones.   Betty Harrison Administrative Assistant Baltimore, Maryland	I think it’s important to make sure that your close friends and relatives only get involved in groups and organizations that are open and aboveboard. A group or club is not dangerous, per se. However, we need to be aware if the group leader begins to manipulate its members. People need to use intelligence and confidence to fend off those who may be dishonest and deceitful. Solange Dupres Librarian Baltimore, Maryland
We live in an admittedly complex world. Because life is so unpredictable, people are vulnerable to the ideas sold by cult recruiters. Even if people come out of the cult physically, and are no longer members, it may take years for them to comeout ofit psychologically. A cult can offer a false sense of security. To protect friends and relatives in time of stress, it is our duty to offer real support and encouragement.   Jose Rodriguez Nurse Baltimore, Maryland	If someone you love has joined a cult, get help immediately. Call an organization that specializes in cult rescue. It may turn into an ugly battle: you versus your loved one, or you versus cult. Expert “exit counselor” can tell the difference between legitimate and dangerous cults. Counselors know the track records and personalities of the leaders and the cults. This is the safest way to go about saving your loved ones.   Jason Kim Chemical Engineer Baltimore, Maryland

_______ a. approach _______ b. as opposed to _______ c. became _______ d. changed the subject often _______ e. clearly _______ f. defend themselves from

_______ g. emerge (from a mental state) _______ h. honest and legal _______ i. in and of itself _______ j. pressuring _______ k.previous behaviour _______ l. was a shock

D. Work with a partner.

Student A: Cover the right-hand column. Read the information to Student B. Look up as much as possible when you speak.

Student B: Cover the left-hand column. Listen to Student A. Rephrase the information in your own words, using the clues listed and the introductory expressions below.

Then switch the roles after statement 3.

§ In other words…

§ So,…

§ What you are saying, then, is…

§ I didn’t quite catch it. Did you mean…

1.Each cult develops its own method of getting followers – such as personal contacts or advertisements in kiosks, newspapers, and magazines, and on television and radio.	1.go about recruit
Example:“So, you mean each cult goes about its own way of recruiting? Some use personal contacts; others use ads.”
2.The recruiters do not admit openly what the group is. They use dishonest ways to hide the real identity of the group.	2. deception trickery
3. At first, the recruiter generally seems honest and legitimate. The recruiter may invite the person to an event, class, meeting, or dinner. Believe it or not, most people who join cults are just normal people experiencing stress.	3. aboveboard come as a surprise
4.Cults use sophisticated mind control methods to get people to become obedient followers. They tell their group they have to defend themselves against hostilities in an evil world.	4.manipulate turn into fend off
5.In most cults, followers have to give up their previous lives. Leaders brainwash them into thinking their past was full of problems. They tell them their past relationships were dangerous and dishonest.	5.problematic threatening venal
6. The cult members attack new recruits with many conflicting ideas at one time. The members often end up feeling confused and vulnerable.	6.jump from topic to topic come out

Exercise 6. Read these ten statements and decide whether you agree with them or not, and to what extent.

1. When people stop believing in God, they don't believe in nothing - they believe in anything. (G. K. Chesterton)

2. Any belief that helps centre people is a good thing.

3. Most people today don't have a coherent system of beliefs.

4. If you believe in science, you can't believe in religion.

5. There are all kinds of strange phenomenon in the universe which science can't explain.

6. There must be life on other planets.

7. We all need some kind of faith to help us get through.

8. Religious people have always produced the best art.

9. It's not religion that causes wars - it's politics.

10. Religion stops people thinking for themselves.

Exercise 7. You are going to read an article about contemporary attitudes to religion.

A. To help you understand the article better, here are a few definitions.

The Jedi are a fictional religious group featured in the Star Wars films.

Taoism is an ancient Chinese belief system that says people should try to lead a simple, natural life.

Crop circles are parts of fields where crops have been flattened – often in the shape of a circle. Some people believe they are made by aliens.

New Age beliefs reject many modern Western values in favour of an eclectic approach to spirituality that incorporates many ancient and non-Western ideas.

Have you heard about Jedis, Taoism, crop circles or New Age beliefs before? What else do you know about them? Add some more religious faiths to the list.

B. Now read and translate the article.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16