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1. Do people ever ask you about your religion? Would it bother you if someone did?
2. Do you know anyone who is quite devout?
3. Do you know anyone who is converted? Why?
Exercise 18. Put each of the following words into its correct place in the passage below.
| Ascended condemn disciples humility resurrection | apostles creatures doctrines leaders uprising | blasphemy crucifies Easter preaching | brotherhood dead followers prophets | Christian deliverer heaven religion |
Christianity
Jesus Christ founded the Christian ……………. He began His teaching in Palestine, instructing and …………… to people about the Kingdom of ……………. He traveled around the country with a group of …………… called disciples. He chose 12 disciples, called ……………, to preach his doctrine. Like the Old Testament ……………, Jesus insisted upon justice toward men and …………… toward God. He also preached mercy and the …………… of men, and told of the love of …………… for all …………….
The Jewish religious …………… of Jesus’ time did not approve of his claim that He was the Messiah, or the promised …………… of the Jews. They considered this action to be ……………. The Roman authorities feared that He meant to lead an …………… against Roman rule in Palestine. As a result, He was tried, …………… to death and …………….
After the death of Jesus, His …………… scattered in fear. However, they soon reassembled. One after another of them, beginning on the first …………… morning, reported that they had met Jesus alive. This rising from the …………… is called the Resurrection, and forms one of the basic …………… of the Christian faith. According to …………… teaching, Jesus remained on earth for 40 days after His ……………, and then …………… into Heaven.
Exercise 19. Translate from Russian into English:
1. Отец, Сын и Святой Дух – христианский Бог, единый в трех лицах.
2. Христиане делятся на католиков, православных и протестантов, но раньше это была единая религия. Она зародилась 2000 лет назад в Иудее.
3. Христианин, если будет вести достойных образ жизни, после смерти попадает в Царствие Небесное, а если будет вести себя недостойно, то будет наказан в аду.
4. Чтобы стать христианином нужно принять крещение, соблюдать десять заповедей, по воскресениям ходить в церковь и исповедоваться, т.е. рассказывать о своих грехах священнику.
5. После исповеди правильные христиане идут к причастию: священник дает им просфору (кусочек хлеба) и глоток вина, которые символизируют тело и кровь Христа. Так они обращаются к Богу.
Exercise 20. Listening Comprehension. You will hear an interview with the Reverend Dr. Michael Nazir Ali, the Bishop of Rochester. As you listen note down the bishop’s answers to the question, which are listed below.
1. How religious is Britain today?
2. Should there be a state religion?
3. What advice does the Reverend give to the heir to the British throne, considering he’s going to be king of a country which has large numbers of religious minorities?
4. Does the Reverend sometimes feel personally that he’s caught in a very tricky situation, being a South Asia immigrant who belongs to a family that was originally Muslim and he is now in a predominantly Christian country?
5. What role is there for religion in a society that looks to science for answers?
6. The Reverend belongs to a family that was originally Muslim. What does he think of the prospects for a dialogue between Islam and Christianity?
7. What is Church doing to make itself relevant to people in modern Britain?
Exercise 21. Discuss the following, considering the issues from the previous exercise.
1. Are people in your country religious? Is there a state or established religion?
2. How many religions and religious denominations exist in your country?
3. Do you agree that every society needs a perspective from the outside?
4. How important is religion in people’s sense of national and ethnic identity?
Exercise 22. The sentences below refer to beliefs and practices of different religions. Look at the words in italics. Explain what they mean and try to guess what concession they refer to. Do you know anything else about the beliefs and practices of the different religions described.
1. My daughter’s got her confirmation soon.
2. I’ve given up chocolate for Lent.
3. Is there a halal butcher’s anywhere in town?
4. She doesn’t wear a full veil – just a headscarf.
5. I’m fasting at the moment.
6. My son had his circumcision ceremony recently.
7. There’s a synagogue just round the corner.
8. Do you know if this meat is kosher?
9. I believe in reincarnation.
10. She wears a bindi.
11. We’ve got a little shrine in the garden, where we burn incense and leave offerings.
12. The indigenous tribes there still worship the sky and the sea and the volcanoes.
Exercise 23. Make reports about Roman Catholic Church, Russian Orthodox Church, Protestant Church, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism. In you report answer the following questions:
1. When and how was it established?
2. What is the clergy hierarchy (if any)?
3. What are the main principles of the doctrine which distinguishes it from other denominations?
4. How to recognize a temple? What are a temple (a church or a cathedral) decor peculiarities?
5. What are the main religious festivals and holidays?
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