Sharia and food

The rules are those of haram (banned) and halal (allowed). All vegetable, fruit, grain and seafood is halal. Meat is halal providing it has been killed in the kindest possible way by a sharp instrument that pierces and kills swiftly, and the appropriate prayers are said at its death (or at the time of eating if one is not certain).

Muslims may not eat any food that has been sacrificed to idols (e.g. Hindu meat), but kosher is fine. They may not eat any pork product or flesh with blood undrained from it; the most extreme Muslims will not touch anything that has animal fat included - even a biscuit - in case it is pork lard or gelatine from an animal not killed in the halal manner. If Muslims eat haram food without realising it is haram, they are not held to blame, but judged by their intention. In cases of necessity, Muslims may eat anything available, even pork, rather than suffer hardship. Alcohol is haram.

Exercise 30. Choose the correct answer.

1. We wonder if we will ever be able to __________ fighting and live in peace.

a. mobilise b. cease c. designate

2. The government put the religious leader __________. Now he lives in India but he still has a large following in his native country.

a. under house arrest b. into jail c. into exile

3. He was raised Jewish, but he is no longer __________. He hasn’t observed the religion since he started at the university.

a. reincarnated b. practicing c. relevant

4. Christianity and Islam are two religions which seek to __________ their faith among different peoples of the world.

a. propagate b. speculate c. raise

5. The government wanted to __________ the population for war, but the nation’s religious leaders argued that war would lead to terrible suffering and hardship.

a. exile b. propagate c. mobilise

6. The Hindu and Buddhist religions believe in __________. They believe that after the body dies, the spirit enters a new body.

a. death b. reincarnation c. birth

7. Some critics state that religious faith is not __________ to modern life. They say science and technology have replaced mystery, faith, and miracles.

a. reluctant b. relevant c. paramount

8. Most religions address spiritual concerns and not the __________ concerns of money and power.

a. sacred b. temporal c. holy

9. Since European attitudes towards religion are changing rapidly, it is hard to __________ on the future role of religion in Western European culture.

a. designate b. speculate on c. dissuade

Exercise 31. Solve a crossword puzzle.

Across: 1. the highest ranking bishop (10); 9. crippled (4); 12. the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another (8); 15. something perfect (5); 16. the people who attend church (12); 17. a superhuman being or spirit worshipped as having power over nature (3); 20. main administrator of a cathedral or a very large church (4); 23. widely accepted principle (5); 25. believing in or following the religion of Jesus Christ (8); 27. Noah’s home (3); 29. Good Christian ___ rejoice and sing! (3); 30. Darwin’s theory (9); 33. myself! (2); 34. funeral procession (7); 35. please keep ___ the grass! (3); 36. Asian religion or philosophy teaching the elimination of self and worldly desires (8); 39. religious laws (12); 42. to confer divine favour upon (5); 44. condemnation to eternal punishment in hell (9); 47. someone who doesn’t believe or disbelieve (8); 49. television (2); 51. nonsense (6); 53. district under a pastoral care of a bishop (7); 55. bitter grief or distress (3); 56. noise of a cow (3); 58. ninth month of the Muslim year during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset (8); 61. plural of “is” (3); 63. your maker (7); 65. an ordained minister of the Roman Catholic, Orthodox or Anglican church (6); 66. short for “information” (4); 67. finality (3); 68. the study of theistic religion (8); 69. belief (5); 70. belief in a superhuman controlling power (8).

Down: 1. I think, therefore I __ (2); 2. rebirth of the soul in a new body (12); 3. hello! (2); 4. condition (2); 5. watering place in the desert (5); 6. the place of punishment or torture where the souls of the damned are confined after death (4); 7. retribution (9); 8. the main religious and social system of India, including belief in 2. (8); 10. a bishop’s assistant (10); 11. the breaking of divine or moral law (3); 12. expression of surprise or laughter (2); 13. 40-day period pf fasting and penitence (4); 14. the next step up from Reverend (5); 18. a belief or outlook seeking solely rational ways of solving human problems (8); 19. the priest in charge of a large diocese such as a city (6); 21. a member or follower of any of the western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church (10); 22. Roman road – Latin for “through” (3); 24. the day of reckoning (9); 25. a young cow often given as a sacrifice (4); 26. furnished with a weapon (5); 31. empty or vacant (4); 32. Jesus __ Nazareth (2); 36. someone who has faith in God (8); 37. assistance (4); 38. the religion of the Jews (7); 40. ____ Dimittis – Now let your servant depart in peace (4); 41. insane (3); 43. concerned with the affairs of this world, not spiritual or sacred (7); 45. someone who doesn’t believe in God (7); 46. to admit or confess (4); 48. capable of being led astray (9); 50. a junior member of the clergy who helps the vicar of a parish (6); 52. a Muslim place of worship (6); 54. general term for curate, vicar or priest (6); 57. an area having its own church and clergy (6); 59. opposite of “love” (4); 60. those in need (5); 62. track or way (4); 64. surface or space (4); 65. the bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church (4).

Exercise 32. Render the following article.

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