The Participle

Participle is a non-finite form of the verb that has characteristics of verb, noun and adjective.

The Participles are:

- Present Participle:

o is formedby adding –ing to the verb: play + -ing = play ing; run + - ing = runn ing:

o is used to describe what somebody or something is; it answers the question “What kind?”: e.g. It’s a very tiring job. (= What kind of job? – Tiring).

- Past Participle:

o is formed by adding - ed to the regular verbs (e.g. play + ed = play ed)

or using Past Participle form of the verb for irregular verbs (e.g.write – written);

o is used to describe how somebody feels; it answers the question “How do you feel?”:

e.g. He is tired. (= How does he feel? – Tired?)

- Perfect Participle:

o is formed in the following way: have + ing + Ved/V₃ = havingwritten;

o is used to describe action prior to another past action: e .g. Having done her homework, she watched TV (= First, she did her homework, only then she watched TV).

The Participles are also used:

	Function of the Participle	Example
1.	- to express time:	- Having done her homework, she watched TV (= After she had done her homework, she watched TV). - He broke his ark (while) playing hockey (= He broke his hand while he was playing hockey).
2.	- to express reason:	- Being late, Adam took a taxi (= Because he was late, he took a taxi). - Having spent all her money, Pam asked for a loan (=Because she had spent all money, Pam asked for a loan).
3.	- instead of a relative pronoun and full verb:	- The man standing at the door is my boss (= The man who is standing at the door is my boss).
4.	- instead of Past Simple in narratives, when we describe actions happening one after another:	- Seeing the shadow, she screamed (= He saw the shadow and screamed).
5.	- to avoid repeating the Past Continuous in the same sentence:	- She was going upstairs carrying a book (= She was going upstairs and carrying a book).

1. Underline the correct word.

e.g. Have you read that new book yet? – Only some of it. It’s very bored/ boring.

1. Did you enjoy your holiday? – Oh, yes. It was very relaxed/relaxing. 2. I am going to a lecture tonight. Do you want to come? – No, thanks. I am not interested/interesting in the subject. 3. Did you hurt yourself when you fell? – No, but it was very embarrassed/ embarrassing. 4. Shall I turn off the light? – No, I am frightened/frightening of the dark. 5. Was your mother upset when you broke the vase? – Not really, but she was very annoyed/annoying. 6. How do you feel today? – I still feel tired/tiring. 7. I have not seen Mr. Green for several days. – Neither have I. It’s a bit worried/worrying.

2. Rewrite the sentences using Participles.

1. He was lying on the bed and he was reading a book. – _______________________________

2. The athlete took a deep breath and dived into the water. – _____________________________

3. Jack burnt his finger while he was lighting a fire. – __________________________________

4. After Ann had won the gold medal in the Olympic Games, she became a world-famous athlete. __________________________________________________________________________

5. Because he was cold, James turned on the heater. – __________________________________

6. The photos, which were taken at the reception, were blurred. – _________________________

7. She was sitting on the sofa and she was talking to Mike. – _____________________________

8. Emma turned the key in the lock and opened the door. – ______________________________

3. Translate sentences into English using Participle.

1. Спортсмен, який бере участь у змаганнях, відомий на весь світ. 2. Розказавши їм про історію Олімпійських ігор, він зацікавив їх до спорту. 3. Мій тренер, який працює в університеті, є також відомим спортсменом. 4. Граючи в футбол, вони не замітили, як стемніло. 5. Зайшовши до спортивного залу, він голосно привітався. 6. Він швидко опустив тільки що підняту штангу. 7. Вона любить дивитися, як він тренується у гімнастичному залі. 8. Присвятивши спорту багато років, він став всесвітньовідомим спортсменом.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16