IX. Перепишите и переведите текст. India’s railway project

INDIA’S RAILWAY PROJECT

The first plans for constructing a railway line along the west coast of India were proposed in 1880s but they were not carried out because there were many problems with the technology of the day. A feeble attempt to extend the line from Bombay to Mangalore was made much later but between 1964 and 1986 only 100 km of track were laid down. In 1990 the Konkan Railway Corporation was formed to build the remaining 760 km within 5 years. The new railway linking Bombay with Mangalore was inaugurated in 1996. It is 1127 km shorter than the old route.

The reduction in distance enabled the Konkan Railway to cut down the journey time. Even if trains run at a maximum of only 100 km per hour, the journey time between Bombay and Mangalore will come down from 41 hours to 15 hours. Train speeds of 130 km per hour or 160 km per hour will provide timesavings that are even more spectacular. Besides it had been estimated that fuel saving of more than Rs2 billion was achieved.

About 11% of line is in tunnels. These tunnels are equipped with sensors to monitor air pollution, temperature and visibility. The ventilation system is activated automatically via the data obtained from the sensors. The exact position of a train within the tunnel is indicated on a panel in the traffic control room* at the tunnel entrance. The Konkan Railway has the longest railway tunnel in India (its length is 6.5 km), the tallest viaduct in Asia (the 64 m – high). There are 2,134 bridges on the line.

An integrated computerized system covering trains control and scheduling, ticketing, rolling stock monitoring has been developed for the line operation – another first for India.

The Konkan Railway has a considerable impact on the lives of more than 10 million people who live in its adjacent area. Construction has already provided direct and indirect employment for a large number of people. The all-weather line provides a cheaper form of transport and accelerates industrial activity based on locally available minerals such as iron, ore, and bauxite.

The scenic beauty of the area is exceptional and 160 km express trains are being planned between Bombay and Goa to stimulate tourism in the region.

Notes: *traffic control room – пункт управления движением

X. Составьте утверждения, выбрав правильный вариант согласно тексту.

1. The Konkan Railway was inaugurated in …

a) 1986. b) 1990. c) 1996.

2. The reduction in distance resulted in …

a) increasing train speed. b) cutting down journey time. c) decreasing fare.

3. The speed potential of the Konkan Railway is …

a) 100 km/h. b) 130 km/h. c) 160 km/h.

4. About 11% of the line is laid down …

a) under the ground. b) in the tunnels. c) on the bridges.

5. The journey time from Bombay to Mangalore is…

a) 12 hours. b) 30 hours. c) 41 hours.

ВАРИАНТ 3

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён групп Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

1. Suspension bridges are built over wide navigable rivers and straits because they do not prevent navigation. 2. The newspaper published the article about a brave engine driver who saved the passengers from a bad accident at risk of his own life. 3. After a high-speed monorail railway had been built in Tokyo, the problem of passenger transportation was solved. 4. The new supersonic aircraft that looks like a rocket will cover the distance between Tokyo and Moscow in less than 2 hours. 5. The electric equipment that is being installed now has been produced by a Japanese firm.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление эквивалентов модальных глаголов (to be allowed to; to be able to; to be to; to have to). Подчеркните эквиваленты модальных глаголов в английских предложениях и в переводе.

1. We had to substitute some broken parts of this machine. 2. Parking is not allowed on this side of the street. 3. Steam locomotives were not able to haul very heavy trains at a high speed. 4. At the terminus the driver of the multiple-unit train is to move to the other end of the train. 5. The attention of the railway authorities of all countries has to be focused on the development of high-speed traffic both in passenger and freight service.

III. Выберите английский эквивалент русского предложения из трёх данных вариантов. Обращайте внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. Ты можешь купить билет заранее.

a) You could buy a ticket in advance. b) You will have to buy a ticket in advance. c) You may buy a ticket in advance.

2. Анна должна была приехать в 5 часов.

a) Ann must come at 5. b) Ann was to come at 5. c) Ann should come at 5.

3. Нам придётся делать пересадку в Москве?

a) Shall we have to change trains in Moscow? b) Shall we be able to change trains in Moscow? c) Shall we be allowed to change trains in Moscow?

4. Им разрешили продолжить исследования.

a) They were allowed to continue their research. b) They were able to continue their research. c) They may continue their research.

5. Поезд не мог уйти со станции, так как линия была занята.

a) The train was not to depart from the station, as the line was busy. b) The train could not depart from the station, as the line was busy. c) The train was not allowed to depart from the station, as the line was busy.

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