Формы и функции

Вид	залог
Active	Passive
Indefinite Неопределенный	reading	being read
Perfect Перфектный	Having read	having been read

Функции

подлежащеечасть сказуемогодополнение определение обстоятельство

(всегда с предлогом)

переводится существительным или in,on,upon,before,after

неопределенной формой глагола by,without

переводится деепричастием

или предлог+существительное

I. Определите формы герундия:

being produced, producing, having been produced, having produced; building, having built, being built, having been built; developing, being developed, having developed, having been developed.

II. Образуйте формы герундия от следующих глаголов:

Образец: to ask - asking, being asked, having asked, having been asked.

to do, to leave, to move, to add, to apply.

III. Переведите предложения с герундием в функции:

а) подлежащего

Maintaining constant temperature and pressure during the test was absolutely necessary. Reading is useful.

b) часть сказуемого

The task of the factory was producing corrosion-resistant polymers in far larger quantities. Their aim is finding new ways of utilizing this first-class polymer in light industry.

с) дополнение

The experimenter suggested purifying the solution by a new method. The researcher took part in improving the properties of the rubber-like substances.

d) определение

At present scientists take great interest in the methods of turning the light and heat of the sun directly into electricity. A thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature.

е) обстоятельство

By subjecting air to very great pressure and cooling it is possible to transform it to the liquid state. One cannot transform water into steam without heating it. Millions of young men and women join the reserve labour army on leaving school without having worked even a single day. Instead of finishing experiment you should write down the properties of the substances. After presenting the report at the conference the professor began answering the questions. Before increasing the prices the government should take care of the poorest people.

IV. Переведите предложения с герундием в различных функциях и формах:

I

1. Strengthening metals means reinforcing them with artificial fibres. 2. Our professor likes inviting specialists to take part in his researches. 3. He avoids being invited to take pert in their own researches. 4. Metallurgists are developing new processes by producing metals and alloys that meet the present-day requirements. 5. These pieces of metal can’t be used in the process without being hammered into thin sheets. 6. The young scientists began experimenting.

II

1. Heating the increases the speed of the molecules. 2. Without improving the properties of this alloy we can’t use it in the production process. 3. After having improved the properties of this alloy we could use it in the production process. 4. They began erecting this building two months ago. 5. Greeks knew the art of building with cut stones. 6. Visiting the USA colleges made impression on our dean.

Дата добавления: 2015-07-11