Vocabulary List. aquaeulture — аквакультура

aquaeulture — аквакультура

availability— наличие (доступность)

a rate of reproduction — зд. скорость воспроизводства

the following benefits to humanity — следующие выгоды для челове­чества

management — зд. возделывание

wild game — дикие животные

feather, down — перо, пух

a way to control weeds— способ борьбы с сорняками

Exercise1. Answer the following questions

1. What are the two main branches of agriculture?

2. Why is animal husbandry so important now?

3. What does the term "animal husbandry" include?

4. What are the requirements for domestication of animals?

5. Why are ruminant animals valuable for animal husbandry?

6. Why is poultry farming an important branch of agriculture?

7. What herbivorous animals do you know?

8. What benefits do livestock and poultry provide for man?

9. How does a farmer choose the type of livestock for his farm?

Exercise2. Think and answer:

1. In what countries does the agricultural sector play the most important role in the economy: in developed countries (the USA, Canada and the UK) or in developing African/Asian countries?

2. What industries does animal husbandry provide with raw materials?

3. What branches of agriculture are important in Russia?

Animals as useful biomedical models in research

Although in modern times the practice of veterinary medicine has been separated from that of human medicine, the observations of the physician and the veterinarian continue to add to the medical knowledge. Veterinary medicine plays a great role in the health of man through the use of animals as biomedical models because animals may suffer from similar diseases as man and research on many genetic and chronic diseases of man cannot be carried out using humans. However, only a few species of more than 1,200,000 species of animals can be utilized in research, though practically for every known human disease, an identical or similar disease exists in at least one animal species.

Animal research has played an important role in every major medical advance of the last century for both human and animal health. Seven of the last ten Nobel Prizes for medicine have depended on animal research, for example, the development of penicillin (mice), organ transplant (dogs), and work on poliomyelitis that led to a vaccine (mice, monkeys). The most important uses of animals in science have included the use of the monkeys (rhesus macaque) for the identification of blood types; dogs (beagles) were subjected to cigarette smoke for research on hog cancer, and the use of dogs by I. P. Pavlov to investigate behaviourism. His development of genetics has allowed increasing the research on genetically modified organisms and the cloning of Dolly the sheep has made her one of the best known experimental animals. Thus, animal studies are of great importance to the development of new surgical techniques, the testing of new cures, the prediction of toman reaction to drugs, and nutritional research. Animals are especially valuable in research on chronic degenerative diseases because (hey can easily be caused experimentally in them. Nowadays more and more people are suffering from chronic degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, so experiments on animals may be of great value. It is obvious that new research discoveries that involve (lie study of animal diseases will result in other important contributions to human health.

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