By Nicholas Morgan

Vocabulary
* George Bathman'51 - набор 1952 г.;
* CEO = Chief Executive Officer - ответственный работник, руководитель;
* mentor - наставник;
* to delegate - делегировать, поручать; поручать, передавать (права и т.д.);
* decade - десятиление;
* in a hands-on way - здесь: самому заниматься каким-то вопросом;
* spectacularly - захватывающе, эффектно;
* hiatus - пробел, пропуск;
* surrounding - здесь: связанные с...;
* fellow student - сокурсник;
* to rub shoulders with... - якшаться с.../ запросто общаться с..;
* to encourage - ободрять, поощрять, поддерживать.

Ex1. Match the words with their Russian equivalents.
1. extraordinary a/ в конечном итоге
2. vividly b/ десятилетие
3. substitute for c/ редкий
4. to benefit from d/ умения, навыки
5. skills e/ уникальный, единственный в
своем роде
6. to delegate f/ происходить, случаться
7. guidance g/ соответственно
8. eventually h/ изменять, преобразовывать
9. care i/ чрезвычайный; необычайный
10. to train j/ замена (чему-то)
11. rare k/ руководство
12. to transform l/ забота
13. decade m/ получать пользу, выигрывать
14. unique n/ ярко, живо
15. to interact o/ обучать
16. to occur p/ поручать
17. miracle q/ убежденность, уверенность
18. respectively r/ чудо
19. conviction s/ взаимодействовать

Ex 2 Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents.
1. generations of scientists a/ взгляды на вопросы
2. to rub shoulders b/ самому заниматься вопросом
3. to interact one-on-one c/ краткий контакт
4. free enterprise system d/ выдающийся ученый
5. without hesitation e/ значительный вклад
6. to enjoy a strong reputation f/ соединить, объединить
7. insights into the issues j/ общаться один на один
8. in a hands-on way h/ поколения ученых
9. significant contribution i/ запросто общаться с...
10. brief interactions j/ система свободного
предпринимательства
11. outstanding scientist k/ без колебаний
12. to put it together with l/ иметь хорошую репутацию

Ex3. Find in the text equivalents to the following phrases:
нет замены общению один на один; получить степень магистра; получить пользу от неформального общения с учеными мирового значения; уровень руководства, заботы и внимания; наиболее ярко помнить; однокурсники; система свободного предпринимательства; почти за десять лет до..; обучать; вице-президент по вопросам научного исследования и развития; сильнейшее послание студент получает от своего наставника; значительный вклад в общество; поощрять.

Ex. Translate the following phrases from the text and use them in the
translation below. mentor; to benefit from..; eventually; to effect the health of everybody; guidance, care and attention; outstanding scientists; to earn PhD; application of technology; to enjoy a strong reputation; to train generations of scientists; to remember vividly; informal discussions; brief interaction with..; interacting one-to-one with..; significant contribution.

1. После получения докторской степени в течение двух десятилетий он работал в медицинской компании вице-президентом по вопросам науки и развития.

2. Роль наставника в жизни студента очень велика.

3. Применение высоких технологий означает значительный вклад в развитие общества.

4. На самом деле, нет ничего, что заменило бы личное (один на один) общение с выдающимися учеными.

5. В конечном итоге, это повлияет на здоровье всех людей на планете.

6. Следует помнить, что он обучал (целые) поколения ученых.

7. У Ратмана - хорошая репутация в деловом мире.

8. Наиболее ярко он вспоминает о годах обучения в Принстоне.

9. Он благодарен своему наставнику за его руководство, заботу и внимание.

10. У нас была возможность неформального обсуждения проблем с учеными мирового значения.

11. Даже краткое общение с ними приносило много пользы.

Ex. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the current position of George Rathman?
2. What scientific degrees did he earn?
3. How does he describe his mentor?
4. What is Mr. Rathman's work experience?
5. What were the advantages/merrits of studying at Prinston?
6. What does Mr. Rathnan think about the application of technology?

Part 2.

Porter Assesses Competitive Strategies for Industry

Michael Porter '69 has always been a winner. At Princeton he got straight A's in mechanical and aerospace engineering and starred at golf. After earning an MBA and a PhD in economics at Harvard, he joined the Harvard Business School at age 26. He helped change the way management was taught, creating the whole discipline of competitive strategy. He's published three best sellers and nine other more specialized works. The latest, The Competitive Advantage of Nations, is an 855-page survey of the sources of national competitive prowess. First Boston CEO John Hennessey calls Porter the "world's greatest expert on strategies and industries."

When Porter talks about competitiveness, people listen. He has some very definite ideas on the issue of government's appropriate role in industry.

"There's a role both for the federal and state and local governments. There has been too much focus on the federal role. An industry's success often depends on very local conditions. Silicon Valley, Hollywood and the area around Boston are good examples. State and local governments often influence critical variables such as education and infrastructure. State and local regulations also have a major effect on companies' cost and innovativeness. "In the past businesses have believed that the local and national environment in which they operate is someone else's concern; the role of business is to do its job of producing goods and services effectively. In fact, the competitiveness of companies is determined by the available supply of skilled workers, proximity to nearby technology centers in relevant disciplines, access to capable local suppliers of the most advanced machines and components needed in the industry, and the presence of capable local rivals to stimulate dynamism. Companies must take at least partial responsibility for their competitive context, working with local companies, institutions and governments. IBM spends considerable resources to maintain the health of the U.S. semiconductor industry not out of charity but out of a desire to stay in the innovation race against Japanese rivals."

Porter, like other business experts, is especially concerned with education reform. "The problem in Washington today is a shortage of resources that is limiting new initiatives. The federal government's primary role in education should be to create the proper incentives, help support long-term investment and promote the rapid dissemination of new ideas. Federal government matching funds are invaluable in helping to rapidly diffuse to every state the hundreds of good ideas for educational reform that are popping up today."

What about the role of higher education in the country's efforts keep pace with competitors abroad?

"We've tended to view universities as independent centers of basic research-with the job of applied research somebody else's, like AT&T Bell Labs," says Porter. "Today we need a more textured view. We still need a group of universities with the resources to conduct basic research. However, most universities will not have advantages in truly basic research and are better off focusing on fields that address the needs of nearby industries. The University of Rochester's program in optics, for example, in conjunction with Xerox, Kodak, Corning and other locally based firms is a good example.

"Even in more basic research, to completely cut off researchers from industry is foolish. What a researcher in molecular biology at Harvard is studying may have profound implications for health care. I'm not saying universities should become preoccupied with commercial ventures. But business-university partnerships centered on particular fields, which rapidly diffuse basic discoveries to industry, will enhance competitiveness."

For Princeton that means that projects linking scientific discoveries with industrial applications, such as the recently established Advanced Technology Center for Photonics and Optoelectronic Materials (POEM) and the Princeton Materials Institute (PMI), can make important contributions.

By W. O'Reilly ^

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