Cesare Lombroso (1836—1909)

Professor Lombroso is a criminologist whose views, though not altogether correct, caused a lot of interest and made other people look into the problem of crime in a more scientific way. He is regarded as the father of the scientific study ofcriminals, or criminology.

Lombroso studied at the universities of Padua, Vienna and Paris, and later he became a professor of psychiatry and forensic medicine, a director of a mental asylum.

In an enormous book called The Criminal, he set out the idea that there is a definite criminal type, who can be recognized by his or her appearance. Some of what he said is difficult to believe. For example, he said that left-handed persons have a criminal instinct. Among the things he considered important were the shape of-the head, colour of the hair, the eyes, the curve of the chin and forehead and if the ears stick out.

Lombroso's theories were wide influential in Europe for a time, but his emphasis on hereditary causes of crime was later strongly rejected in favor of environmental factors. Lombroso tried to reform the Italian penal system, and he encouraged more humane and constructive treatment of convicts through the use of work programs intended to make them more productive members of society.

Ex.2 Translate into Ukrainian:

1. Professor Lombroso is a criminologist whose views caused a lot of interest and made other people look into the problem of crime in a more scientific way.

2. Later he became a professor of psychiatry and forensic medicine, a director of a mental asylum.

3. He set out the idea that there is a definite criminal type who can be recognized by his or her appearance.

4. He said that left-handed persons have a criminal instinct.

5. But his emphasis on hereditary causes of crime was later strongly rejected in favor of environmental factors.

Ex. 3 Answer the questions:

1. What is Cesare Lombroso famous for?

2. How did he try to relate criminal behavior to a person’s appearance?

3. What was Lombroso’s contribution to the development of penal system?

Ex. 4 Translate into English:

1. Я дуже стомлена. Наступного тижня я складатиму іспит, тому я зараз напружено працюю. Звичайно я працюю з ранку до пізнього вечора.

2. Він глянув на хлопця і одразу зрозумів, що десь бачив його раніше.

3. Ось де вони! Ми вас скрізь шукали. Де ви були?

4. Моя подруга збирає листівки протягом довгого часу. Зараз їх у неї так багато, що вона не знає, де їх зберігати.

5. Ви думаєте, завтра буде дощ? – Сподіваємось, що ні. Ми плануємо поїхати за місто. Якщо піде дощ, ми не поїдемо.

6. Поки він робив уроки, його брат слухав радіо. Він сказав, що останні новини були цікавими.

7. Ми не сподівались, що вони приїдуть так швидко. Ми не приготували кімнату до їхнього приїзду.

8. Жінка сиділа біля вікна і думала. Вона думала про те, що він навіть не зателефонував їй перед своїм від’їздом.

Ex.5 Open the brackets using the right tense form:

1. When (to be) last time you (to see) Tom? – Five years ago.

2. I just (to finish) the book which you (to give) me for my birthday.

3. Last night he (to see) the light in the neighbours’ house.

4. My father (to look) tired the day before yesterday. He (to work) at his computer for many hours.

5. She (to be) at the birthday party now.

6. It (to be) the most exciting holiday she ever (to have).

7. You ever (to eat) octopus? – Yes, I …. – what it (to be) like? – It (to taste) nice.

8. Last year my friends (to stay) in my house while I (to be) on holiday. They (to stay) there for three weeks.

9. We (to be) glad to know that our relatives (to arrive) by the New Year.

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