Абсолютный причастный оборот (the Nominative Absolute)

1. When the powers of the House of Lords were reduced in 1911, the maximum duration of Parliament was reduced to five years, because it was thought that, the effective powers of the House of Commons having been increased, the majority ought to secure a renewal of its mandate more often. (J.Jennings)

2. To the bulk of these people Britain is a strange land, and there are some who do not speak its language. Many are Maltese of origin, but strangers in Malta, having spent their whole live in Egypt. ("The Times")

3. With the North Atlantic Treaty Organization rent with dissension over Suez, now is the time to get rid of all military pacts and blocs. ("DW")

4. In many ways it might have been preferable if, the split having

occurred, the party had immediately rallied round Mr. Todd and confirmed under his leadership. ("The Times")

5. During the Festival several halls in the Moscow State University will be taken over for dancing each evening, orchestras of different nations playing in each. ("DW")

6. Some 3,000 will leave the Electric and Musical Industries works in September, some of the workers having had 40 years service with the firm. ("DW")

Given

Given (в начале предложения) означает учитывая, в случае...

1. These target figures are not wildly extravagant, given the rate of development which Russia has already achieved. (" The Times")

2. Given the present industrial climate, the arrangement which grants the personnel no voice in determining the modes of payment or in the management of the enterprise seems to have proven insufficient to bring about the improvement of labour-management relations necessary for greater productivity. ("Economic Issues")

3. Given good weather the campaign should greatly help the supply of fodder. ("The Times")

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